fetal

chromosomes carry the

genes

what do genes influence

structure and function

genetic composition

genotype

complete set of organisms DNA is

a genome

ways in which gene is outwardly expressed

phenotype

sperm and egg

gametes

how many chromosomes do cells have

46 chromosomes

who determines the sex of the baby

males

what number chromosome is the sex chromosome

the 23rd chromosomes

what are some risks for people conceiving a child with genetic disorders

maternal age greater than 35 , history of previous pregnancy resulting in genetic disorder, man or woman has a genetic disorder, family history of genetic disorder

what is a woman called that is 35 or older when pregnant

geriatric pregnancy

ovum

egg

when sperm fuses with an ovum is forms a (1st 1 or 2 weeks)

zygote

where does fertilization occur

in the fallopian tube ampula

what is determined at the time of fertilization

the sex of the baby

where does implantation occur

upper part of the uterus

what pair of chromosome do females have that determine they are female

XX

what pair of chromosome do females have that determine they are male

XY

when dies implantation occur

usually around day 7

endometrium is called what after implantation

decidua

uterus wall layers

endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

the uterus is what type of muscle

a smooth muscle

what layer of the uterus is correlated with contractions

myometrium

tough outer layer of the uterus

perimetrium

upper part of uterus

fundus

body of the uterus

corpus

lower part of the uterus

cervix

zygote

fertilized egg

morula

ball of around 16 cells

blastocyst

inner cell mass (baby)

throphoblast

outer cell mass

chorionic villi

finger like projections that embed in disidua

germ layers form around

week two

ectoderm

forms the exoskeleton

mesoderm

develops into organs

endoderm

forms the inner lining of organs

ectoderm (what is being formed)

brain and spinal cord, PNS, pituitary gland, sensory epithelium of the eye, ear, and nose, epidermis, hair, nails, subcutaneous glands, mammary glands, tooth enamel

mesoderm (what is being formed)

cartilage, bone, connective tissue, muscle tissue, heart, blood vessels, blood cells, lymphatic system, spleen, kidneys, adrenal cortex, ovaries, testes, reproductive system, lining membranes

endoderm (what is being formed)

lining of the GI and respiratory tracts, tonsils, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, liver, pancreas, lining of urinary bladder ad urethra, lining of ear canal

what weeks does a zygote turn into an embryo

day 15-week 8

when are all organs formed

1st 8 weeks

during the 1st 8 weeks what happens

the time of the most damage and ultrasound is most accurate

how are babies measured as an embryo

crown to rump

teratogens

harmful substances (smoking)

what prevents neural tube defects

folic acid

teratogenic agents

drugs, alcohol, infection/viruses (rubella, syphilis, toxoplasmosis)

period of highest vulnerability to effects of teratogens

the 1st 8 weeks is most crucial

what time frame is a fetus

week 9-40

fetus is the time to

grow and mature (all the organs are formed)

cephalocaudal

head to toe

central to

peripheral

simple to

complex

general to

specific

FHR should be

110-160

age of viability

20 weeks

how many trimesters

3 about every 13 weeks

amniotic fluid is known as

bag of waters (amnion, chorion)

normal value of amniotic fluid

500-1000ml

oligohydramnios means

too little fluid

oligohydramnios lab value

under 500

polyhydramnios means

too much fluid

polyhydramnios lab value

over 2L

too low amniotic fluid can effect

lung development, renal, poor perfusion ,

early on where does the amniotic fluid come from

from the mom

in 2nd trimester where does the amniotic fluid come from

the baby

with too much fluid what do we think is the problem

GI issues, diabetic, neuro

what does amniotic fluid do with the baby

allows movement, helps with normal development, nothing adheres to the babies skin, controls babies temp.

what does the umbilical cord cover

amnion

what forms the umbilical cord

mesoderm

what is the umbilical cord cushioned by

wharton’s jelly

how many arteries and veins does the umbilical cord have

2 arteries, 1 vein (ava)

what do arteries do in umbilical cord

takes deoxygentaed blood and waste out to placenta

what do veins do in umbilical cord

brings oxygen in and nutrients

if the umbilical cord is not 3 vessals what could this put baby at risk for

cardiac and vascular anomolies

placenta is an

organ

since the placenta is an organ what happens

it ages, expands until 20 weeks and then thickens

functions of the placenta

metabolic, endocrine, not a barrier to substances, and transfer

what does the placenta synthasize

glycogen and fatty acids and glucose

what does the placenta get rid of

waste products, CO2, urea

HcG (Human chorionic gonadotropin)

preserves corpus luteum, check urine or serum levels, its what is tested for in pregnancy

hCS (human soatommotropin)

human placental lactogen, growth hormone, maternal metabolism , decreases glucose sensitivty

hormones of the endocrines

HcG, hCS, esteogen, proestrogen , relaxin

after what time is the placenta functional

6 or 7 weeks

estrogen does what

uterine growth, blood flow, breast grandular tissue, skin changes, and increases vascularity (mom can get nose bleeds)

progestrogen does what

decreases contractility, implantation, calms, relaxes smooth muscle , maintains endometrium

relaxin

relaxes joints

when can you hear the babies heartrate per doppler

10 weeks

ductrous venosus

shunts bloid away from umbilical vein to inferior vena cava, drives blood away from liver

ductus arteriosus

connects pulmonary artery to descending aorta

forman ovale

opening between right atium and left atrium

when do the shunts close

when the baby takes its first breath

when listening to baby heart sounds how long do you lisetn

one min

surfactant begins at

24 weeks

surfactant fully present at

35-36 weeks

resp. movements start at

24 weeks

L/S ratio

2:1

L in L/S

leicthin

s in L/S

sphingomyelin

what is L/S considered

phospholipids

when are intestines in the abdominal cavity

10 weeks