Unit 4

census

a systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting demographic data about a population at a specific time. This data typically includes information on age, gender, ethnicity, occupation, and housing, which helps to inform government policies, resource allocation, and community planning.

Ethnonationalism

When the people of a country identify as having one common ethnicity, language, and religion

international trade

refers to the trade between two (or more) countries

Schengen

a group of European countries that have abolished passport and other types of border control at their mutual borders, allowing for free movement of people within the area.

cracking

a political strategy used during the redistricting process, where electoral districts are deliberately drawn to dilute the voting power of a particular demographic group. This method is often employed to ensure that a dominant political party maintains its power by minimizing the representation of opposing groups within electoral boundaries.

gerrymandering

is the practice of manipulating electoral district boundaries to favor a particular political party or group. This tactic is often used during the redistricting process to maximize electoral advantage, impacting political representation and the balance of power within legislative bodies.

Internal Boundary

is a political or administrative line that separates different regions, districts, or subdivisions within a larger governing entity. These boundaries can be established for various reasons, including governance, resource allocation, or cultural distinctions.

packing

the political strategy of concentrating as many voters of one type into a single electoral district to dilute their overall voting power in surrounding districts. This technique is often employed in the context of redistricting and can significantly impact electoral outcomes by creating districts that favor a particular political party or group.

Redistricting

the process of redrawing the boundaries of electoral districts to reflect changes in population and ensure fair representation. This practice occurs every ten years after the census, as districts must be adjusted to account for shifts in population density and demographics, making it a crucial aspect of political geography and the political processes that govern representation.

stacking

the practice of organizing populations within urban areas or regions into distinct layers based on socioeconomic status, ethnicity, or other demographic factors. This stratification often leads to the concentration of certain groups in specific neighborhoods, which can result in significant disparities in access to resources, services, and opportunities

central government

a form of government that has all the power in the central govenment

Economic Disparities

refer to the unequal distribution of wealth, income, and resources among individuals or groups within a society. These disparities can create significant divisions between different regions, communities, or social classes, affecting access to opportunities and quality of life.

Economic Interdependence

refers to the mutual reliance between countries for resources, goods, and services, where the economic activities of one nation significantly impact another. This interconnectedness fosters global trade networks and economic collaboration, but it can also lead to vulnerabilities, especially when one economy faces challenges that ripple through others.

Nationality

a person's legal membership or affiliation with a particular nation, often tied to citizenship and shared cultural characteristics such as language, ethnicity, and history. It connects individuals to a specific political entity, which can influence their identity and sense of belonging, as well as shape social and political dynamics within a region.

political corruption

the misuse of power by government officials for illegitimate personal gain, undermining the integrity of political institutions and processes. This practice can manifest in various forms, such as bribery, nepotism, embezzlement, and favoritism, leading to a loss of public trust and effective governance.

Sovereignty

refers to the authority of a state to govern itself and make its own laws without external interference. This concept is vital in understanding how political power operates within territorial boundaries, as well as the challenges and dynamics that can affect a state's autonomy, including centrifugal and centripetal forces.

Defined border

countries that legally defined and agreed to where borders are located through an agreement or treaty

Delimited

the lines that are drawn on a map to represent the limits of a territory or political entity

demarcated

defined and marked lines that separate different political entities

administered boundary

the process of actively enforcing and managing a political border

reapportionment

Process in which US house of representatives seats are relocated

electoral college

a body of people representing the states of the US, who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president.

Federal government

a system of dividing up power between a central national government and local state governments that are connected to one another by the national government.

central government

the highest level of government in a country, with authority over the entire country

devolution

the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration.fragmented

ethnic separatism

a part/region/provence of a state that has a unique minor culture and often wants to break away

irredentism

a political movement where a nation seeks to reclaim territory that it believes historically or ethnically belongs to them, even if that territory is currently part of another sovereign state

Supranational Organizations

An alliance of three or more states that work together in pursuit of common goals. 

UN

a union that maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights

NATO

defends and secures its member countries in Europe and North America

ASEAN

to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region in asian countrys

Arctic council

promotes cooperation, coordination and interaction among the Arctic States, Arctic Indigenous People

AU

To achieve greater unity, cohesion and solidarity among the African countries and African nations

Open border

an border thet enables free movement of people and goods between jurisdictions

FTA

Is an agreement according to international laws to form a free trade area between two or more states