BIOPHYSICAL

Functional Mobility Assessment

An evaluation to determine if a modality can improve limitations in mobility such as pain, motor control, or edema.

Before Modalities Assessment

Includes pain assessment, range of motion (ROM), strength, skin assessment (metal implants), and sensation assessment.

Modalities used for pain management

Includes Ultrasound (US), Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES), Electrical Stimulation (ESTIM), Biofeedback, High Volt Pulsed Current (HVPC), Electromyography (EMG), Electrical Stimulation for Tissue Repair (ESTR), and Electrical Muscle Relaxation (EMR).

Ultrasound (US) indications - Continuous

Used for chronic pain from inflammation, decreased ROM, and scar remodeling.

Electrical Stimulation (ESTIM) indications

Used for both acute and chronic pain relief and can serve various modalities.

NMES uses

Addresses weakness, spasticity, edema, orthotic substitution due to motor control deficits, and improves endurance.

Biofeedback application

Used to help improve motor control by providing feedback on muscle activity.

ESTR primary purpose

Treatment for wounds (e.g. pressure sores, venous and arterial insufficiency).

Contraindication for Ultrasound

Includes conditions like infection, DVT, cancer, and presence of medical devices in area.

Absolute contraindications for ESTIM

Includes malignancy, pacemaker, and lack of sensation.

Therapeutic Effects of NMES

Produces muscle contractions, provides sensory input, aids in stabilization, and strengthens muscles.

Settings for Ultrasound - Continuous

Typically set for 10 minutes.

Interferential Current (IFC) purpose

Delivers electrical stimulation to improve pain relief through intersecting electrical fields.

Russian Current characteristics

Alternating current of 2,500 Hz, burst-modulated at 50 bursts per second using a 10-msec burst duration.

Effects of higher pps in NMES

Higher pulses per second (pps) generally lead to more comfort and less fatigue during treatment.

Noxious Stimulus settings in ESTIM

Utilizes 1-4 pps, 1 msec duration for targeted pain relief at the site.