Network Communications (6.3; Transport Layer)

These flashcards cover key concepts related to network communications protocols, specifically TCP and UDP, their purposes, and associated port numbers.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

A connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable communication between devices by ensuring packet delivery and order.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A connectionless protocol that allows faster communication without guaranteeing packet delivery or order.

Three-way handshake

The method used by TCP to establish a connection, involving SYN, SYN/ACK, and ACK packets.

Port number

A numerical identifier in the transport layer that distinguishes between different network applications.

Acknowledgment (ACK)

A signal sent from the receiver to indicate that a packet has been successfully received.

Negative Acknowledgment (NACK)

A signal sent to request the retransmission of a missing or damaged packet.

Well-known ports

Standardized port numbers assigned by IANA for specific services and protocols.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

A protocol used for dynamically assigning IP addresses to clients on a network.

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

An application protocol for transferring web pages over the Internet, typically using TCP on port 80.

Secure Shell (SSH)

A protocol for secure remote command-line access to computers, using TCP on port 22.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

A standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another, using TCP on ports 20 and 21.

Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP)

A protocol allowing access to email stored on a mail server, utilizing TCP on port 143.

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

A protocol used to connect to the graphical desktop of a remote computer, using TCP on port 3389.

HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)

An extension of HTTP that uses encryption for secure communication, operating on TCP port 443.

Context of TCP and UDP

TCP is used when reliability is essential, while UDP is preferred when speed is more important than reliability.