Bone Tissue

Flashcards covering key concepts related to bone tissue, skeletal system, bone cells, and related physiological processes.

Osteology is the study of __.

bone

The skeletal system is composed of __, __, and __.

bones, cartilages, ligaments

Cartilage is the __ of most bones.

forerunner

Resorption bay is associated with __ cells.

osteoclasts

The process of hardening of bone is called __.

mineralization or calcification

Bone is a type of __ tissue.

connective

The four principal types of bone cells are osteogenic cells, __, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.

osteoblasts

Osteocytes act as __ that regulate bone remodeling.

sensors

Osteoclasts are known as __ cells on the bone surface.

bone-dissolving

The sandwich-like construction of flat bones includes two layers of __ bone.

compact

Spongy bone contains a structure called __ which resists stress.

trabeculae

The outer covering of bone is called __.

periosteum

The __ cavity contains bone marrow.

marrow

Bone development occurs by and methods.

intramembranous ossification, endochondral ossification

The primary ossification center appears in the __ stage of bone development.

embryonic

Red marrow is primarily found in __ bones in adults.

flat

Achondroplastic dwarfism is a type of __.

dwarfism

Bone widening and thickening is referred to as __ growth.

appositional

Wolff’s law states that bone architecture is determined by __ stresses placed on it.

mechanical

Calcium homeostasis is maintained by factors including dietary intake, __ losses, and exchanges between osseous tissue.

urinary and fecal

The normal calcium concentration in blood plasma ranges from to mg/dL.

9.2, 10.4

Hormones involved in calcium homeostasis include calcitriol, __, and __.

calcitonin, PTH

Mineral resorption is performed by __ cells.

osteoclasts

Osteoblasts produce __ fibers that spiral the length of the osteon.

collagen

Calcium and phosphate from blood plasma are deposited along the __ fibers.

collagen

The first few crystals in mineral deposition are known as __ crystals.

seed

Ectopic ossification is an abnormal calcification that may occur in organs like the __.

lungs

Hydrochloric acid dissolves __ in the bone during mineral resorption.

bone minerals

The __ hormone increases osteoclast activity when blood calcium levels are low.

parathyroid

Estrogen has a stronger effect on bone growth than __.

testosterone

Osteoporosis leads to severe loss of __ density.

bone

Kyphosis is a deformity of the spine due to vertebral bone __.

loss

Intramembranous ossification involves deposition of __ tissue into embryonic mesenchyme.

osteoid

Secondary ossification centers appear in the __ of long bones.

epiphyses

During bone remodeling, __ stresses determine the architecture of bone.

mechanical

Achondroplastic dwarfism is characterized by __ growth defects.

longitudinal

Bone tissue consists of organic and __ matter.

inorganic

Calcium homeostasis maintains calcium balance through dietary intake and __.

hormones

The matrix of osseous tissue includes and matter.

organic, inorganic

The central canals of compact bone contain __ to supply nutrients.

blood vessels

The zone of __ in the metaphysis contains multiplying chondrocytes.

cell proliferation

Calcium is mainly stored in __ tissue.

osseous (bone)