PAC555 Head/Neck Golden Tickets

Which type of Cranial Nerve will need a synaptic ganglion?

General Visceral Efferent

If the parotid gland is no longer secreting when your patient is at rest- which structure must be considered?

Otic ganglion

Which muscle will allow you to grimace at one of my bad jokes (flat- horizontal "smile")?

Risorius

What is the clinical test for the superior rectus (not anatomical)?

Look out and and up

Abduct + Elevate

The facial nerve runs with the Lingual N branch of the Trigeminal mandibular branch via what structure?

Chorda Tympani

Which occurs when the lens becomes flat for far-vision?

Suspensory ligaments become tight

What is responsible for mylohyoid innervation?

Trigeminal Nerve; Mandibular Branch (V3)

If your patient has compression of the right hypoglossal nucleus of the medulla, what is a likely outcome?

Tongue deviation to the right

Which structure will act as a "bridge" of nerve fibers connecting one aspect of the brain (cerebrum) with another (midbrain)?

Cerebral Peduncle

Which structure separates the motor and sensory cortices?

Central sulcus

What is the predominant nerve for the muscles of facial expression and what is the nerve’s fiber type?

Facial Nerve— SVE (BE)

What is the predominant artery and vein for the muscles of facial expression?

Branches of facial artery (from External Carotid A.); Facial Vein

What nerve is primarily for the sensory innervation of the face?

Trigeminal Nerve (V);

Specifically the Ophthalmic Branch (V1), Maxillary Branch (V2), and Mandibular Branch (V3)

Which muscle angles the eyebrow down and in (muscle fibers run on an angle)? *Angelina Jolie

Corrugator Supercilli

Which muscle raises the eyebrows?

Occipitofrontalis

Which muscle enables flaring of the nostrils?

Nasalis

Which muscle enables someone to blow a kiss?

Orbicularis Oris

Which muscle enables someone to wink?

Orbicularis Oculi

Which muscle enables someone to wrinkle the bridge of their nose?

Procerus

Which muscle enables someone to grimace?

Risorius

Which muscle enables someone to evert/elevate their upper lip?

Levator Labii Superioris

*Insertion found on the superior lip

What muscle enables someone to smile/elevate the corner of the mouth?

Zygomaticus

What results when the zygomaticus contracts?

Sneer

What muscle is used to grin/elevate angle of mouth laterally for a gentle (kinda fake smile)?

Levator Anguli Oris

*Insertion found at the corner of the mouth moving up to origin

What muscle is used to play the trumpet and blow?

Buccinator

What muscle is used to frown?

Depressor Anguli Oris

*Attaches to the corner of the mouth

What muscle is used to evert and depress the lower lip?

Depressor Labii Inferioris

*Attaches to lower lip

What muscle is used to pout and protrude the lower lip?

Mentalis

What type of joint is the Temporo-Mandibular joint?

Synovial Hinge Joint

What movement occurs at the Temporo-Mandibular joint?

-Protrusion/Retraction

-Elevation/Depression

-Lateral Movement

What 2 bones make up the Temporo-Mandibular Joint?

Mandibular fossa of temporal bone to mandibular condyle of mandible

What movement of the TMJ is restricted by the Stylomandibular Ligament?

Prevents excess anterior drift of the mandible during extreme opening

What movement of the TMJ is restricted by the Sphenomandibular Ligament?

Limits depression of the mandible and dislocation when opening the mouth

What is the salivary gland that will secrete watery/amylase saliva? What is it innervated by?

Parotid Gland

-Innervated by GVE of CN IX

What is the salivary gland that will secrete thick, gross saliva? What is it innervated by?

Sublingual Gland

-Innervated by GVE of CN VII

What is the salivary gland that will secrete normal baseline saliva? What is it innervated by?

Submandibular Gland

-Innervated by GVE of CN VII 

What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication? Finish the story

Motor Nucleus of Trigeminal Nerve, Mandibular Branch (V3) → Foramen Ovale → Muscles of Mastication

What is the artery supply for the muscles of mastication?

Maxillary and Superficial/Superior Temporal A from External Carotid A.

Which muscles will primarily elevate the mandible? Which is most powerful?

Temporalis + Masseter (most powerful)

What muscles will primarily stand alone deep in the face to grind food?

Medial Pterygoid + Lateral Pterygoid

*Form a 7

Cranial Nerve I: Name + Function

Olfactory N. —> Smell

Cranial Nerve II: Name + Function

Optic N. —> Vision

Cranial Nerve III: Name + Function

Occulomotor N. —> Levator Palpebrae (SR, IR, MR, IO), Sphincter Pupillae (pupil constrictor), + Ciliary Muscle (lens accommodation)

Cranial Nerve IV: Name + Function

Trochlear N. —> Superior Oblique

Cranial Nerve V1: Name + Function

Trigeminal N., Opthalmic Branch —> Sensation of upper face/scalp

Cranial Nerve V2: Name + Function

Trigeminal N., Maxillary Branch —> Sensation of maxillary region

Cranial Nerve V3: Name + Function

Trigeminal N., Mandibular Branch —> Sensation to Mandibular Region including Anterior Tongue, Muscles of Mastication, Temporalis, + Tensor Tympani

Cranial Nerve VI: Name + Function

Abducens N. —> Lateral Rectus

Cranial Nerve VII: Name + Function (14)

Facial N. —> Muscles of Facial Expression; Some Suprahyoid Muscles of Neck; Stapedius; Temporal Branch; Zygomatic Branch; Buccal Branch; Mandibular Branch; Cervical Branch; Lacrimal Gland; Nasal/Oral Mucosa (secretions); Submandibular Salivary Gland; Sublingual Salivary Gland; Sensation External Acoustic Meatus; Taste Anterior Tongue (to insula)

Cranial Nerve VIII: Name + Function

Vestibulocochlear N. —> Auditory/Balance

Cranial Nerve IX: Name + Function (7)

Glossopharyngeal N. —>

Parotid Salivary Gland;

Stylopharyngeus Muscle (swallow);

Carotid Sinus (BP control);

Taste Posterior Tongue (to insula);

Oropharynx;

Posterior tongue sensation;

Middle ear sensation

Cranial Nerve X: Name + Function (5)

Vagus N. —>

Laryngo-Pharyngeal muscles (swallow/phonation)

Viscera to Left Flexure of LI

Sensation to inferior external acoustic, meatus, concha, pharynx-larynx, tympanic membrane

Root of tongue and epiglottis

Sensation Viscera to Left Flexure LI

Cranial Nerve XI: Name + Function

Spinal Accessory N. —> Sternocleidomastoid + Trapezius

Cranial Nerve XII: Name + Function

Hypoglossal N. —> Muscles of Tongue

What are the fiber types of the Olfactory N.?

Special Visceral Afferent (SVA); Chemoreceptors

What are the fiber types of the Optic N.?

Special Sensory Afferent (SSA); Photoreceptors

What are the fiber types of the Occulomotor N.?

General Somatic Efferent (GSE)

General Visceral Efferent (GVE)

What are the fiber types of the Trochlear N.?

General Somatic Efferent (GSE)

What are the fiber types of the Trigeminal V1 N.?

General Somatic Afferent (GSA)

What are the fiber types of the Trigeminal V2 N.?

General Somatic Afferent (GSA)

What are the fiber types of the Trigeminal V3 N.?

General Somatic Afferent (GSA)

Special Visceral/Branchial Efferent (SVE/BE)

What are the fiber types of the Abducens N.?

General Somatic Efferent (GSE)

What are the fiber types of the Facial N.?

General Visceral Efferent (GVE)

Special Visceral/Branchial Efferent (SVE/BE)

General Somatic Afferent (GSA)

Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)

What are the fiber types of the Vestibulocochlear N.?

Special Sensory Afferent (SSA)

What are the fiber types of the Glossopharyngeal N.?

General Visceral Efferent (GVE)

Special Visceral/Branchial Efferent (SVE/BE)

General Somatic Afferent (GSA)

Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)

General Visceral Afferent (GVA)

What are the fiber types of the Vagus N.?

General Visceral Efferent (GVE)

Special Visceral/Branchial Efferent (SVE/BE)

General Somatic Afferent (GSA)

Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)

General Visceral Afferent (GVA)

What are the fiber types of the Spinal Accessory N.?

General Somatic Efferent (GSE)

What are the fiber types of the Hypoglossal N.?

General Somatic Efferent (GSE)

Nucleus Location: Olfactory N.

N/A

Olfactory Bulb serves as its origin

Nucleus Location: Optic N.

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the Thalamus

Nucleus Location: Oculomotor N.

Midbrain

GSE→ Oculomotor Nucleus

GVE→ Edinger-Westphal Nucleus

Nucleus Location: Trochlear N.

Midbrain

Nucleus Location: Trigeminal N. V1

Along the Midbrain, Pons, + Medulla

Nucleus Location: Trigeminal N. V2

Along the Midbrain, Pons, + Medulla

Nucleus Location: Trigeminal N. V3

Pons

Motor Nucleus of V

Nucleus Location: Abducens N.

Pons

Nucleus of Abducens

Nucleus Location: Facial N.

SVE/BE→ Pons → Facial Motor Nucleus

GVE→ Pons → Superior Salivatory Nucleus

GSA→ Lower Pons/Medulla

SVA→ Medulla

Nucleus Location: Vestibulocochlear N.

Medulla→ Vestibulocochlear Nuclei

Nucleus Location: Glossopharyngeal N.

Medulla

GVE→ Inferior Salivatory Nucleus

SVE/BE→ Nucleus Ambiguus

GVA→ Nucleus of Solitary Tract

SVA→ Nucleus of Solitary Tract

GSA→ Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus

Nucleus Location: Vagus N.

Medulla

SVE/BE→ Nucleus Ambiguus

GVE→ Dorsal Motor Nucleus

GSA→ Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus

SVA→ Nucleus of Solitary Tract

GVA→ Nucleus of Solitary Tract

Nucleus Location: Spinal Accessory N.

Spinal Cord

Nucleus Location: Hypoglossal N.

Medulla→ Hypoglossal Nucleus

___________ go towards the brain with sensory information

Afferent Nerve Fibers

___________ go away from the brain to the effector

Efferent Nerve Fibers

What are nuclei?

Like neuronal cell bodies in the CNS

Where are cranial nerve nuclei located?

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla

Which neuron type is moving from the periphery towards the brain?

Afferent/Sensory Neuron

Which neuron type is moving from the brain to the periphery?

Efferent/Motor Neuron

In general, what is the pathway of an afferent Cranial Nerve?

Peripheral Receptor→ Hole → Nuclei → Sensory Cortex in Brain

In general, what is the pathway of an efferent Cranial Nerve?

Motor Cortex in Brain → Nuclei → Hole → Peripheral Effector

What is the function of the foramina (holes in the head)?

Allow for cranial nerves to enter the skull towards the brain or exit the skull towards the periphery

What is a good place to start in terms of knowing the general functions of the Cranial Nerves?

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter More

Which Cranial Nerves are sensory only?

Olfactory (I)

Optic (II)

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

What Cranial Nerves are motor only?

Oculomotor (III)

Trochlear (IV)

Abducens (VI)

Accessory (XI)

Hypoglossal (XII)

What Cranial Nerves are both motor and sensory?

Trigeminal (V)

Facial (VII)

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Vagus (X)

Which type of classification, efferent or afferent, generally refers to skin and skeletal muscles, tendons, and joints?

Somatic

Which type of classification, efferent or afferent, generally refers to involuntary structures- smooth muscle of viscera, glands, etc.?

Visceral

Which type of classification refers to the senses?

Special

Which type of special Cranial Nerves will rely on chemoreceptors?

Special Visceral Afferent→ Smell and Taste

Which type of special Cranial Nerves will rely on specialized receptors such as photoreceptors?

Special Sensory Afferent