molecular genetics quizzes

In blue white screening the (blank) colonies have an insert

White

Bacterial transformation occurs when

Bacteria accept new DNA

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA based on

Size/length

RT-PCR quantifies

RNA

The part of DNA that is retained in the mRNA is

Exons

Different species have different GC content. This is known as the

GC rule

cDNA has two names. One is

Copy DNA

(Blank) organization is conserved but size can change

Introns

The complete set of RNAs is the

Transcriptome

SNP stand for

Single nucleotide polymorphism

Microsatellite variation for DNA fingerprinting and maker analysis is based on

Number of repeats/fragment length

The idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts are descended from free living microorganisms is called

Endosymbiont theory

DNA replication is

Semiconservative

DNA polymerase can synthesize or repair DNA. A polymerase that synthesizes is also called a

DNA replicase

“Processivity” refers to the ability of an enzyme to

Peform multiple catalytic cycles

Okazaki fragments are synthesized

Discontinuously

The (blank) adds the holoenzyme to the nucleic acid and the (blank) keeps it in place

Clamp loader, clamp

Synthesis priming is required to provide a

3’ end

DNA replication can be improved about (blank) fold by polymerase proofreading

100

DNA strands are “stitched together” by the enzyme

Ligase

Genes with promoters that are constitutively expressed and needed in all cells are called

Housekeeping genes

Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II synthesizes

mRNA

An enhancer (blank) that gene it affects

Can be very distant from

Generally, a gene is more likely to be active if

it’s DNA is unmethylated

Enhancers can influence gene expression on chromosomes other than the kne on which they are located

False

Promoters with a TATA box will often have a (blank) instead

Downstream promoter element

TATA binding protein (TBP) is required for initation by

RNA I, II, and III

Enhancers can activate or repress gene expression

CpG Islands

Transcription occurs in

Eurchromatin

Different mRNAs are associated with distinct, but overlapping, sets of regulatory protiens called

Regulons

A large, evolutionary conserved complex which catalyzes 3’ to 5’ mRNA digestion is the

Exosome

Degradation of mRNA may occur within discrete cytoplasmic particles called

Processing bodies

An unknown number of mRNAs are targets for degradation or translation repression by

miRNAs

(Blank) targets mRNAs with premature stop condons

Nonsense mediated decay

An RNA that has catalytic activity is a

Ribozyme

Group II introns may a protein with reverse transcriptase activity, maturase activity, a DNA endonuclease, and

RNA endonuclease

Group (blank) only requires two metal ions and a guanosine nucleotide

I (one)

A catalytic RNA whose activity responds to a small ligand is a

Riboswitch

(Blank) is a term for the ability of certain introns to insert themselves into target DNA

Intron homing

Retrotransposons calling long terminal repeats (LTRs) are referred to add (blank), while non-LTR containing Retrotransposons are referred to as

Retrotransposon, retroposons

The target site at which an insertion sequence is inserted is duplicated during the insertion process to form

Direct repeats

The enzyme involved in site specific recombination between two copies of a transposon that has been duplicated is

Resolvase

Name the structure indicated with an arrow in the figure below

Cointegrate

(Blank) transposons code for protiens that enable them to transpose

Autonomous

According to lecture, the inability of certain strains of D. melanogaster to interbreed, because the hybrids are sterile, is

Hydrid dysgenesis

The double stranded DNA integrated into a host genome by a retrovirus is a

Provirus

LINE stand for

Long interspersed nuclear elements

Alu's are common

SINES

The DNA strand complementary to the viral RNA is the

Minus strand DNA

Chiasmata are the points at which (blank) occurs

Crossing over

A bivalent contaisn (blank) chromatids

Four

A stretch of DNA that is made of strands from two different homologous chromosomes is

Heteroduplex

During single stranded invasion and stand from one duplex displaces the other duplex and creates a

D-loop

Holliday junctions can be resolved with

Vertical or horizontal cuts

Recombination that occurs in nongerm cells is (blank) recombination

Somatic

The morphological structure of synapsed chromosomes is the

Synaptonemal complex

Crossover events create two points where strands are crossed. These are known as

Holliday junctions

What is the primary function of a Holliday junction in DNA recombination

To facilitate strand exchange during homologous recombination

What structural features characterizes a Holliday junction

A four way branched DNA structure

Distance between genes can be determined by

Recombination frequency

Linkage groups typically refer to

Chromosomes

(Blank) and (blank) are used synonymous

Recombinant, nonparental

(Blank) creates a new gene combinations and it depends on (blank)

Crossing over, distance between genes

The null hypothesis in a chi-sqaure test is that

The observed and expected values are statistically the same

Mitotic crossing over is

Rare

Adjacent areas in the same organism that are slightly different in phenotype are

Twin spots

Genetic maps reflect the (blank) and (blank) among genes

Order, distance

Genetic mapping can be a start towards annotating a genome

True

Deviations from independent assortment can be due to physical linkage or selection

True

The term epigenetics is used only when

The same sequence can result in different phenotypes

Heterochromatin is defined by

DNA is not expressed

Position effect variegation generally results from

A chromosome rearrangement that puts a gene in a region adjacent to heterochromatin

Pure epialleles are

Impacted by only the environment

Regions which more silenced genes are

Telomeric

Eurchamatin can spread

False

A protien that can cause infection without transmitting DNA is

A prion

Chad Niederhuth is Dr. Stearns’ friend. He is enemies with Dr. Skinner. Dr.Skinner's face is

Punchable

The lack of a relationship between genome size and organism complexity is known as the (blank) paradox

C-value

In humans, the percent of genes that are alternatively spliced is

More than 50%

Polycistronic mRNA

Includes coding regions representing more than one gene

A gene encoding a specialized function is an

Luxury gene

A synonymous mutation

Does not change the amino acid encoded

The units for map distance are map units (mu) or

Centimorgans

The highest recombination rate is

50%

Recombination rates can help estimate the distance between genes, but to determine th genes you need a

Trihybrid cross

(Blank) genes are related genes found in different species

Orthologous