A&P II CH 20 Blood vessels

What are 3 tunics of vessels?

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

arteries vs veins (tunics/lumen)?

arteries have thicker tunica media and narrower lumen than. Veins have more elastic and collagen fibers with wide open lumen.

Name 3 basic types of arteries_____

elastic muscular and arterioles

What are the characteristics of elastic arteries?

largest and are 2.5 to 1 cm, Ex: pulmonary trunk, common carotid, and common iliac arteries

What are the characteristics of muscular arteries?

medium, 1cm to 0.3mm, has vasoconstriction with 2 layers being the internal elastic lamina and the external elastic lamina Ex: brachial arteries and coronary

What are the characteristics of arterioles?

0.3mm to 10micro meters, smooth muscle somewhat constricted

Define atherosclerosis_____

progressive disease of elastic and muscular arterioles, presence of atheroma

Define aneurysm_____

Part of the arterial wall thins and balloons out

What is tumor angiogenesis?

Its when cancer cells secrete molecules that cause host cells to release growth factors

Define Blood pressue(BP)

force of blood vessel wall

Define systole

occurs when ventricle contracts

Define Diastole

occurs when ventricles relax

Define Pulse pressure

pressure in arteries added by heart contraction

Define MAP(mean arterial pressure)

average arterial BP across entire cardiac cycle

Define pulse points

where artery may be compressed against a solid structure Ex: radial, common carotid, femoral, dorsalis pedis

What is cerebral edema?

excess interstitial fluid in the brain, MAP>160mm/Hg

What is Deep Vein Thrombosis?

clot or thrombus in the brain, common site is on the calf. Pulmonary embolus is the most serious complication

What is varicose veins

dialted and torturous, non-functional valves causing blood pooling

Define circulatory shock_____

insufficient blood flow to perfuse tissues

Define Resistance

the friction blood encounters, lumensice is also a effect of resistance

Define blood viscosity

resistance of fluid to its flow

Define vessel length

also effects resistance with longer vessels creating more resistance

What is the baroreceptor?

nerve endings that respond to stretch of vessel wall

What does measuring blood pressure do?

measured indirectly using a sphygmomanometer stethoscope placed on the brachial artery. Systole is first “lub” Diastole is last

What is hypertension?

chronically elevated BP

What is hypotension?

chronically low BP

What is orthostatic hypotension?

Drop in BP after sudden standing

2 branches of pulmonary trunk are____

L and R pulmonary arteries

3 branches of the aortic arch are?

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, and left subclavian artery

What are the branches of the external and internal carotid

external supplies external structures of the skull internal supplies internal skull