Properties of alcohols

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7 Terms

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General formula

Cn H2n+1 OH

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Nomenclature

  • - Ol at the end

  • 2 hydroxyl groups = diol

  • 3 hydroxyl groups = triol

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Primary alcohol

  • 1º

  • - OH is attached to a carbon with one alkyl group attached

<ul><li><p>1º </p></li><li><p>- OH is attached to a carbon with one alkyl group attached</p></li></ul>
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Secondary alcohol

  • 2º

  • - OH group is attached to a carbon with 2 alkyl groups attached

<ul><li><p>2º</p></li><li><p>- OH group is attached to a carbon with 2 alkyl groups attached</p></li></ul>
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Tertiary alcohol

  • 3°

  • -OH group is attached to a carbon with 3 alkyl groups attached

<ul><li><p>3°</p></li><li><p>-OH group is attached to a carbon with 3 alkyl groups attached</p></li></ul>
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Physical properties of alcohols

  • Polar → has electronegative hydroxyl group (pulls electrons in c-oh bond away from carbon atom )

  • -OH group is also polar → has δ- on oxygen δ+ on hydrogen = hydrogen bonds can form

  • Low volatility due to hydrogen bonds (strong intermolecular forms) so they don't evaporate easily into gas

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Trend in hydrogen bonding

Small alcohols → hydrogen bonding allows for solubility in water

Larger alcohol → most of molecule is non-polar = decreased solubility in water