UTS Midterms Reviewer - Chapters 1-5 (Understanding the Self)

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering the biological, philosophical, sociological, and psychological perspectives of self-understanding based on the UTS Midterms Reviewer.

Personality

Relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that provide consistency and individuality; derived from the word ‘persona,’ meaning theatrical masks worn by Romans.

Openness

A dimension of the Five Factor Model reflecting the tendency to appreciate new art, curiosity, and imagination.

Conscientiousness

A trait in the Five Factor Model characterized by being careful, on time, following rules, and being hard-working.

Extraversion

The tendency to be talkative, sociable, active, optimistic, and fun-loving.

Agreeableness

The tendency to agree and go along with others, characterized by being forgiving and good-natured.

Neuroticism

The tendency to frequently experience negative emotions, such as being insecure and worrying.

Self-concept

The specific answer to 'who you are as a person'; a collection of beliefs one holds about oneself and the responses of others.

Self-understanding

The motives behind why one acts; provides a sense of purpose and helps harness natural strengths.

Reason (Divine Essence)

One of Plato's three parts of the soul that enables humans to think deeply and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths.

Physical Appetite

One of Plato's three parts of the soul representing basic biological needs such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.

Spirit or Passion

One of Plato's three parts of the soul representing basic emotions like love, anger, ambition, and empathy.

Physical Realm

According to St. Augustine, this realm is changeable, temporary, and imperfect.

Ideal Realm

According to St. Augustine, this realm is perfect, unchanging, eternal, and immortal (e.g., truth and goodness).

Cogito

René Descartes' term for the Mind, defined as 'the thing that thinks'.

Extenza

René Descartes' term for the Body, which he viewed as a machine attached to the mind.

Impressions

David Hume’s term for vivid, basic sensations of experience such as pain, pleasure, heat, or cold.

Ideas

David Hume’s term for faint images of impressions that are not vivid.

Ego

The conscious self in Freud’s theory, governed by the reality principle, which is rational and practical.

Id

The unconscious self in Freud’s theory, governed by the pleasure principle, which is aggressive and instinctual.

Transcendental Apperception

Immanuel Kant’s concept where the mind organizes impressions into a unity of perceptions to construct the self.

Embodied Subjectivity

Maurice Merleau-Ponty's view that the mind and body are so intertwined they cannot be separated, making all experience 'embodied'.

Preparatory Stage

The first stage of George Herbert Mead's self-formation involving imitation and observation.

The Play Stage

The second stage of Mead's self-formation where children role-play and pretend to be other people.

The Game Stage

The third stage of Mead's self-formation involving acknowledging and responding to outside perspectives.

The 'Me' and 'I'

The two phases of Mead's self: 'Me' is the reflective attitude, while 'I' is the responding attitude.

Objective Culture

In Georg Simmel's view, these are separate objects and social forces like money and urbanization that impact subjective experiences.

Rituals

Group-participated activities for fulfillment that serve as a manifestation of culture.

The Knower (The I)

William James' term for the self as the agent of experience.

The Known (The Me)

William James' term for the self as the object, categorized into Material, Social, and Spiritual natures.

Real Self

According to Carl Rogers, this is one's actual identity or who one is 'known' to be within oneself.

Ideal Self

According to Carl Rogers, this represents the aspirations and wishes an individual has for who they want to be.

False Self

Donald Winnicott's term for an alternative personality activated to hide the real self and maintain social relationships.

Self-Efficacy

Albert Bandura's concept referring to beliefs that determine how people feel and think, enabling proactive control in situations.

Individualistic Self

A Western concept where the person is an isolated entity, valuing independence, self-reliance, and personal goals.

Collectivism Self

An Asian/Eastern concept where the group is the fundamental unit, valuing harmony, interdependence, and group interests.

Ren

A core Confucian concept encompassing Li (Customs), Xiao (Filiality), and Yi (Rightness).

Yi

The Confucian principle of 'Rightness,' meaning actions should be performed because they are right, not for selfish benefits.

Pituitary Gland

Known as the Master Endocrine Gland that controls growth.

Looking Glass Self Theory

Charles Horton Cooley's theory that the self image is shaped and reflected from society's interpersonal interactions.

Dramaturgical Theory

Ervin Goffman's theory that individuals are like actors on a stage who monitor and adjust to the perceptions of others.