Making, Supporting, and Questioning Claims (Đưa ra, hỗ trợ và phản bác quan điểm)

ADVANCE (v) /ədˈvɑːns/

to put forward a claim

ASSERT (v) /əˈsɜːt/

to put forward an argument or state that something is true

BOLSTER (v) /ˈbəʊlstə(r)/

to provide support for an argument

BUTTRESS (v) /ˈbʌtrəs/

to provide support for an argument

SUBSTANTIATE (v) /səbˈstænʃieɪt/

to provide evidence to support or prove a claim

CORROBORATE (v) /kəˈrɒbəreɪt/

to confirm or support a claim

VALIDATE (v) /ˈvælɪdeɪt/

to prove the accuracy of a claim / to confirm the truth of a claim

CONCEDE (v) /kənˈsiːd/

to admit that an opposing claim is true or valid

ACKNOWLEDGE (v) /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/

to accept or admit the validity of a claim

REBUT (v) /rɪˈbʌt/

to offer an argument against a claim believed to be false

REFUTE (v) /rɪˈfjuːt/

to prove that a claim is false

VINDICATE (v) /ˈvɪndɪkeɪt/

to free from blame; prove correct

UNTENABLE (adj) /ʌnˈtenəbl/

unable to be defended or supported