The Skeletal System

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What are the functions of the skeletal system?

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What are the functions of the skeletal system?

-Support and protection -Body movement -Blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) occurs in bone marrow -Storage of inorganic materials (salt, calcium, potassium)

How many ones are you born with and how many do you have now?

You are born with about 270 but they fuse together to make 206

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

-Head, neck, trunk -Skull -Hyoid bone -Vertebral column -Thoracic cage (ribs, 12 pairs) -Sternum

<p>-Head, neck, trunk -Skull -Hyoid bone -Vertebral column -Thoracic cage (ribs, 12 pairs) -Sternum</p>

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

-Pectoral Gridle (scapula, clavicle, arms) -Pelvic Gridle (coxal bones, legs)

<p>-Pectoral Gridle (scapula, clavicle, arms) -Pelvic Gridle (coxal bones, legs)</p>

What does fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) cause?

Causes soft tissue (muscles, tendons, ligaments) to turn to bone

What does the long bone consist of?

-Epiphysis (end) -Diaphysis (shaft) -Articular Cartilage (hylaine cartilage, padding) -Periosteum (membrane that covers entire bone) -Medulla (contains marrow)

<p>-Epiphysis (end) -Diaphysis (shaft) -Articular Cartilage (hylaine cartilage, padding) -Periosteum (membrane that covers entire bone) -Medulla (contains marrow)</p>

How are the epiphyses named?

By location

Closest epiphyses to the body's central ->

Proximal

Furthest epiphyses from the body's central ->

Distal

What is the function of flat bones? Give example

Protection -- sternum, ribs, skull, bones

What is the function of long bones? Give example

Support weight, movement -- femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna

What is the function of short bones? Give example

Stability, movement -- carpals, tarsals

What is the function of irregular bones? Give example

Protects organs -- vertebrae, pelvis

What is the function of sesamoid bones? Give example

Reinforce tendons -- patella (knee cap)

What is inside the long bone?

-Medullary Cavity: hollow, filled with yellow bone marrow -Endosteum: lines of the medullary cavity -Red Marrow: produces blood -Yellow Marrow: fat storage

What are the types of bone tissue?

-Compact (wall of the diaphysis) -Spongy/Cancellous (epiphysis) -> red marrow

What is the epiphyseal line?

The growth plate

What is bone tissue called?

Osseous tissue

What is the matrix composed of?

Collagen and inorganic salts

What is osteocytes?

Mature bone cells, enclosed in tiny chambers called lacunae

The rings that form around the osteocytes are called?

Lamellae

What does the haversian canal house?

Blood vessels

What is a canaliculi?

Tiny canals that link osteocytes

What provides passageways for blood vessels?

Haversian and Volkmann canals

What is the process ossification?

Bone first forms as hyaline cartilage, then gradually changes into bone tissue

Primary ossification center increases...

Diameter

Secondary ossification center increases...

Length

Osteoblasts:

Creates osteocytes (blasts = produce)

Osteoclasts:

Bone resorption (clasts = destroy)

Define epiphyseal disk (growth plate)

A bond of cartilage between the epiphysis and diaphysis

Name the types of joints

-Synarthrotic: immovable joint, called sutures -> skull -Amphiarthrotic: slightly movable -> vertebrae -Diarthrotic (synovial joint): movable joint -> knees, elbows, wrist, shoulder

Name the types of diarthrotic joints

-Ball & Socket joint (shoulder, hip) -Hinge (elbow, knee) -Pivot (lower arm) -Saddle (thumb)

Frontal bone

Anterior portion (forehead)

<p>Anterior portion (forehead)</p>

Parietal bone

On each side of the top of skull

<p>On each side of the top of skull</p>

Temporal bone

Side, above ear

<p>Side, above ear</p>

Occipital bone

Forms the back of the skull

<p>Forms the back of the skull</p>

Sphenoid bone

Within the cranium, party visible in

<p>Within the cranium, party visible in</p>

Ethmoid bone

Nasal cavity, visible in eye socket

<p>Nasal cavity, visible in eye socket</p>

Maxilla bone

Forms upper jaws

<p>Forms upper jaws</p>

Mandible bone

Lower jaws, only movable bone of the skull

<p>Lower jaws, only movable bone of the skull</p>

Zygomatic bone

Cheek bone

<p>Cheek bone</p>

Vomer bone

Small, thin, plow-shaped, midline bone that occupies and divides the nasal cavity

<p>Small, thin, plow-shaped, midline bone that occupies and divides the nasal cavity</p>

Define sutures

Connection points between skull bones

Coronal suture

Between frontal and parietal bones

<p>Between frontal and parietal bones</p>

Lambdoidal suture

Between occipital and parietal bones

<p>Between occipital and parietal bones</p>

Squamosal (squamous) suture

Between temporal and parietal

<p>Between temporal and parietal</p>

Sagittal suture

Between parietal bones

<p>Between parietal bones</p>

What are fontanels?

"Soft spots" of an infants skull, these form sutures as you age, top spot is the anterior fontanel

What is the mental foramen?

An opening on the chin that allows nerves and blood vessels to come through to supply face