Lesson 7 : Critical_Thinking_I

Flashcards on Critical Thinking and Cognitive Operations

Critical Thinking

The process of carefully and objectively analyzing a subject or idea by setting aside personal feelings, biases, or opinions to receive data-driven answers, and focusing on facts, logic, and evidence.

Statement

Presents information without trying to influence; simply claims something and can be either true or false.

Argument

Attempts to influence or persuade by offering a reason or justification.

Fact

Can be verified or proven true.

Opinion

Personal belief or judgment; cannot be proven.

Objective Claim

Truth is independent of personal belief; for example, 'That object is a cup.'

Subjective Claim

Truth depends on personal perspective; for example, 'My favorite subject in school is science.'

Clarity

Ensuring information is understandable and clear to others. Memory trick: "Clear like glass."

Accuracy

Assessing the validity of the information to ensure it is true and correct. Memory trick: "Accurate = Actual."

Precision

Getting the specific details from the information. Memory trick: “Precision = Pinpoint.” Don't settle for vague—get exact.

Relevance

Focusing on what is related to the information and sticking to what matters for the topic. Memory trick: “Relevant = Related.”

Depth

Addressing the complexity of the information by exploring its layers. Memory trick: “Depth = Dig Deeper.”

Breadth

Looking at the information from different perspectives and considering other angles or viewpoints. Memory trick: “Breadth = Broader View.”

Logic

Ensuring the information makes sense and that each point follows the next clearly. Memory trick: “Logic = Links that fit.”

Significance

Highlighting the most important detail from the information. Memory trick: “Significance = Spotlight.”

Fairness

Justifying the way of thinking while remaining balanced and honest, free from bias. Memory trick: “Fair = Free from Bias.”

Cognitive Domain

Focuses on intellectual skills and thought processes, relating to how people think, reason, and make decisions. Memory trick: “Cognitive = Thinking Zone”

Cognitive Domain Operations

Target people’s will, beliefs, and psychology, aiming to influence decision-making and behavior. Memory trick: “Change the mind, change the mission.”

Disinformation

The intentional spread of false information created to mislead, confuse, or control beliefs. Memory trick: “Dis = Dishonest Info”

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to favor information that supports current beliefs, making it harder to accept new or opposing information. Memory trick: “If I believe it, I receive it.”