biology module 5

damage to pituitary gland

involved in regulating of hormones (can affect sleep schedule [melatonin] or menstrual cycle [oestrogen and progesterone])
can also affect the hormone production of other organs

damage to the hypothalamus

damage to thermoregulatory centre which affects sensitivity to cold

Damage to nervous system

role of hair erection during fight or flight

for the animal to appear larger/more aggressive

role of liver cell in fight or flight

release of glycogen from liver once adenyl cyclase binds to it

of [spine] and [spinal cord] , what do you use in the exam?

spinal cord

How many synapses do reflexes involve?

Reflexes typically involve one to two synapses, allowing for rapid response to stimuli.