Quiz 1 (Kidd 1-3)

What are the “Three Sisters” of Native American farming?

Corn, Squash, Beans

This mound builder is as large as Rome and London during its time and was over 100 pyramid mounds

Cahokia

What are the three fundamental turning points of American history?

European exploration, Conquest and the Transatlantic Slave Trade

What were the exploration motives of the Europeans?

1. They had access to better seafaring tech (gunpowder, cannons, compasses and faster ships)

2. Poor conditions at home

3. Desire to expand land and treasure

Who were the first Europeans to arrive at the African Coast?

The Portuguese

From 1492 to 1820: How many transatlantic immigrants were African?

80%

This system (enforced by Queen Isabel as opposition to slavery) operated:

1. The Native Americans (Taino) could not be bought, sold or owned as property

2. Taino only had the right to labor and to defend the area they worked in

3. “Employers” had to provide religious instruction to Taino servants and pay taxes

The Encomienda System (similar to Serfdom)

This Treaty divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal along an imaginary meridian line in the Atlantic Ocean. Spain got the Western Hemisphere (NA & SA) while Portugal got the Eastern Hemisphere (Asian & Africa).

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

Who was the first recorded European voyager to land in North America?

John Cabot

Which Spaniard Conquistador led the invasion of Mexico/Tenochtitlan?

Hernan Cortes

Who was the Aztec ruler?

Moctezuma

Why were the Aztec defeated so easily?

• Defeated by Spanish war tech (horses, armor, g*ns, and cannons)

• Foreign diseases (8 mil were wiped out by chickenpox within a decade)

What is the oldest occupied European settlement in North America?

St. Augustine

This revolt:

• Considered the most devastating Indian uprising

• Forced the Spanish to evacuate for 13 years

• 21 of 33 missionaries were killed

• Destroyed chapels, icons, and crosses

• Considered the beginning of the indigenous horse trade

1680 Pueblo Revolt

Establish colonies to extract wealth in raw materials and then sell finished products to the colony

Mercantilism

Who founded Roanoke with 100 settlers in 1585 but failed due to conflict with Indians, diseases, and starvation, killing off the entire colony?

Walter Raleigh

What were King James’ motives for establishing a colony in Virginia?

1. Raw Material

2. Wealth

3. Outlet for Population

Joint store founded in 1606

Virginia Company of London

This Virginia Colony was founded in 1607 with 104 men and boys

Jamestown

What is Jamestown famous for?

• Defensible site but poor farming grounds

• Disease-carrying mosquitoes

• Commercially driven colony, not focused on conversion

• Quit get rich quick plans

What was Jamestown’s “Starving Time” (1609-1610)?

¾ of the population died due to food scarcity and strong winter conditions. Rumors say that cannibalism was resorted to.

What was the main cash crop/export of Jamestown?

Tobacco

What was the mortality rate in Jamestown by 1624?

92% Mortality Rate

Who did Lord Baltimore name “Maryland” after?

Lord Baltimore named “Maryland” after the last Catholic queen

/What’s another name for Puritans/Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony?

Separatists (Wanted to break away from the Church of England)

This pact created by the Pilgrims was a key precedent for the U.S Constitution

The Mayflower Compact (1620)

According to the Mayflower Compact, what were the main goals of the Pilgrims?

1. Glory to God

2. Advancing Christian Faith

3. Honor King and Country

Who was the Native American who helped the Plymouth Pilgrims survive their first critical years?

Squanto

Who founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

John Winthrop and 700 others Puritans

What did the Massachusetts Bay Colony Puritans believe in?

These Puritans, unlike the Plymouth Separatists, did not want to break off from the English Church and instead have a “purification” amongst themselves.

T/F: The MA Bay Colony Puritans allowed other religious practices into their colony

False

Who founded Rhode Island?

Roger Williams (a banished Puritan from MA Bay Colony)

What was Roger Williams’ stance on religion and politics?

Felt that religion and politics combined will corrupt religion

Who founded the first American Baptist Church that refused to baptize infants?

Roger Williams

T/F: Rhode Island allowed different religious practices

True

Who wrote the Elliot Bible?

Evangelical John Elliot

• Translation of the Geneva Bible

• The First Bible published in English America

Elliot Bible

Who explored the NY Harbor Area and sailed up the Hudson river?

Henry Hudson

Who was the colony director of New Netherland/New Amsterdam in 1647?

• Established order and regulated prices

• Disallowed other religions from meeting openly or try to convert Dutch

Peter Stuyvesant

• Christ dwelled in each person regardless of religion, race, etc.

• Woman were allowed to be evangelists

• Anti-Slavery

• Name is known as an insult towards them

• Allowed religious freedoms amongst colonies except for atheists

• Did not convert Natives to Christ, some did to slaves tho

Quakers

Which Quaker founded Pennsylvania?

William Penn

Why was The Caribbeans not included as America colonies despite being used for trade routes?

Mainland migration was popular due to land shortages on Islands

Mainland plantations were more prosperous than Island

This southern colony:

• Founded by Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper

• Tolerated religion, but more focused on making a profit

• Absolute authority over slaves

• Established deer trade

• Coastal areas were not good for tobacco or sugar; therefore, they produced rice

Carolina (1670)

In order to partake in English Trade, this Act required that all ships in harbor had to be English

Navigation Act 1660

• Upset over bad land deals, alcohol and conversion attempts

King Phillips’s War

• Land pressure on frontier leads to Indian friction

• Rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon

• Considered the first popular American uprising

Bacon’s Rebellion

• Most fearsome slave rebellion

• South Carolina 1739

• 60 Slaves killed

• 20 whites killed

Stono Rebellion