2.2 Rise of Jim Crow and Westward Expansion

Jim Crow

Laws implemented after the U.S. Civil War to legally enforce segregation, particularly in the South, after the end of slavery.

institutionalized

officially placed into a structured system or set of practices

Reconstruction

the reorganization and rebuilding of the former Confederate states after the Civil War

Redemption

the return of white supremacy and the removal of rights for African-Americans following the Reconstruction period

Plessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court case that established the constitutionality of the principle "separate but equal"

Ku Klux Klan

secret society organized after the Civil War to reassert white supremacy by means of violence

Institutionalized Racism

Racism directed against a group of people through a government's laws, rules and policies

Great Migration

movement of African Americans in the twentieth century from the rural South to the industrial North

NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)

Interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans.

Poll Tax, Literacy Test, Grandfather Clause

methods used to keep African-Americans from voting

Election of 1876/Compromise of 1877

Event in which Republican Rutherford Hayes became president in exchange for ending Reconstruction

Homestead Act

1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens willing to live on and cultivate it for five years

Dawes Act

1887 law that distributed reservation land to individual Native American owners to encourage assimilation

Assimilation

when the original traits of one culture are completely erased and replaced by the traits of the more dominant culture

Transcontinental Railroad

Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US

Reservation System

Land set aside for Native American tribes by the government

Ghost Dance Movement

The last effort of Native Americans to resist US domination and drive whites from their ancestral lands, came through as a religious movement.

Wounded Knee Massacre

mass killing by U.S. soldiers of as many as 300 unarmed Sioux at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1890

Custer's Last Stand/Battle of Little Big Horn

battle in which the Sioux, led by Sitting Bull, defeated the U.S. Army led by General Custer

Carlisle Indian School

Institution established in Pennsylvania in 1879 to educate and assimilate American Indians.