ULAW - Introduction to American Law

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23 Terms

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Public Law
The area of law that governs the relationship between individuals and the government, including criminal law.
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Private Law
The area of law that deals with relationships between individuals, such as torts and contracts.
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Hart's Power-Conferring Rules (PCR)
A concept crucial to legal studies, emphasizing rules that grant individuals the power to create or alter legal relationships.
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Procedural Law
The body of law that outlines the methods and procedures for resolving disputes in court.
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Rules of Evidence
Legal standards governing what evidence is admissible in court and how it can be presented.
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Constitutional Law
The body of law that deals with the interpretation and implementation of the Constitution.
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Penumbra
A term in legal theory referring to implied rights or principles that are not explicitly stated in a law or constitution.
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Rules vs. Principles
The distinction between rigid legal rules that must be followed and broader principles that allow for interpretation.
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Precedent
A legal decision or form of case law that establishes a rule or principle to be followed in subsequent cases.
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Rule of Recognition
A foundational rule within a legal system that identifies what is legally binding and what criteria apply.
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4th Branch of Government
A term referring to powerful regulatory agencies that can create and enforce laws, often considered alongside traditional branches of government.
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Basic Commitments of Law
Core principles such as being prospective, general, public, and allowing informed public view to uphold legality and prevent abuse.
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Truth-seeking vs. Efficiency
The tension in legal systems between the pursuit of truth in legal proceedings and the efficient resolution of cases.
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Uniformity vs. Pluralism
The challenge in law of balancing consistent application of rules with the recognition and respect for diverse social values and perspectives.
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Judicial Reasoning
The process by which judges interpret laws and make decisions, often guided by moral principles.
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Administrative Law

The area of law that governs the activities of administrative agencies of government.

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Tort Law

A segment of law that deals with civil wrongs and compensation for damages caused by wrongful actions.

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Contract Law

The body of law that governs agreements enforceable by law, focusing on rights and duties arising from contracts.

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Criminal Law

A branch of law that relates to crimes and legal punishment of criminal offenses.

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Equity

A system of justice that is founded on principles of fairness and justice, often used when common law does not provide a remedy.

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International Law

A set of rules and principles that govern relations and dealings between nations.

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Property Law

Law that governs the various forms of ownership and tenancy in real property and personal property.

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Family Law

The area of law that deals with family matters, including marriage, divorce, child custody, and adoption.