Spanish 2 Unit 10

el/la cirujano/a

surgeon

el/la consejero/a

counselor

el/la dentista

dentist

el/la director/a del hospital

hospital director

el/la enfermero/a

nurse

el/la farmacéutico/a

pharmacist

el/la fisioterapeuta

physical therapist

el/la médico/a

doctor (of medicine)

el /la psicólogo/a

psychologist

cuidar

to care for

curar

to cure

preparar (medicamentos)

to prepare (medication)

el/la asesor/a financiero/a

financial advisor

el/la contador/a

accountant

el/la ejecutivo/a

executive

el/la gerente

manager

aconsejar

to advise

administrar (una compañía)

to run, to manage (a company)

comprar

to buy

ganar dinero

to earn money

invertir

to invest

vender

to sell

el/la arquitecto/a

architect

el/la científico/a

scientist

el /la diseñador/a

designer

el/la ecologista

ecologist

el/la ingeniero/a

engineer

el /la programador/a de computación

computer programmer

analizar

analyze

diseñar

design

programar

program

el/la investigador/a

researcher

el/la maestro/a

teacher

el/la profesor/a

professor

educar

to educate

enseñar

to teach

investigar

to research

mejorar (la sociedad)

to make (society) better

motivar

to motivate

el/la abogado/a

lawyer

el/la agente federal

federal agent

el/la defensor/a público/a

public defender

el/la fiscal

prosecutor

las fuerzas armadas

armed forces

el/la juez/a

judge

la ley

law

el/la militar

soldier

el/la policía

police officer

defender

to defend

proteger

to protect

el/la consultor/a (de mercadeo)

(marketing) consultant

el/la periodista

journalist

el/la publicista

advertising agent

el/la relacionista público/a

public relations agent

convencer

to convince

informar

to inform

Present Progressive (Grammar) and ends with WHAT in English

A verb tense used to describe an action currently in progress., '“ing”

Present progressive structure

Form of "estar" + present participle

Present participle (-ar verbs)

Stem + -ando (e.g., preparar → preparando)

Present participle (-er, -ir verbs)

Stem + -iendo (e.g., defender → defendiendo)

Present participle of verbs ending in a vowel

Use -yendo (e.g., leer → leyendo)

Stem-changing IR verbs (e → i, o → u)

decir → diciendo, dormir → durmiendo

Reflexive verbs in present progressive AND if you attach it, what do you need to add?

Pronoun + estar + participle OR attach to participle (e.g., Me estoy lavando / Estoy lavándome); add a accent mark if attach

Negative in present progressive

Place "no" before estar (e.g., No estás estudiando)

Note on usage for present progressive

Present progressive is used less in Spanish; simple present often preferred

-ir stem-changing verbs in 3rd person

e → i, o → u (e.g., preferir → prefirió, dormir → durmió)

Verbs with irregular stems

Use same set of preterite endings regardless of subject

hacer in preterite (3rd person singular)

Spelling change from c to z (e.g., hizo)

Verbs ending in -j (e.g., decir)

Drop "i" in 3rd person plural (e.g., dijeron)

ser and ir in preterite and WHAT is their conjugations?

Identical forms, use context to distinguish; fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron

Fully irregular verbs

Verbs that do not follow normal patterns

What are you doing right now? (hacer)

¿Qué estás haciendo en este momento?

Are you talking with friends?

¿Estás hablando con amigos?

I’m washing my hands. (lavarse) - REM how does it work with reflexive verbs

Estoy lavándome las manos.

The baby slept through the night. (dormir)

El bebé durmió toda la noche.

I was able to serve as a volunteer. (poder - irregular)

Pude servir como voluntaria.

What is the irregular stem for hacer in preterite? What is its definition?

hic- (to do/ to make)

What is the irregular stem for querer in preterite? What is its definition?

quis- (to want)

What is the irregular stem for venir in preterite? What is its definition?

vin- (to come)

What is the irregular stem for estar in preterite? What is its definition?

estuv- (to be)

What is the irregular stem for poder in preterite? What is its definition?

pud- (to be able to)

What is the irregular stem for poner in preterite? What is its definition?

pus- (to put)

What is the irregular stem for saber in preterite? What is its definition?

sup- (to know/ to taste)

What is the irregular stem for tener in preterite? What is its definition?

tuv- (to have)

What is the irregular stem for decir in preterite? What is its definition?

dij- (to say/ to tell)

What are the ar endings for preterite?

-é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron

What are the er/ir endings for preterite?

-í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron

Which subjects for estar has accent marks and which doesn’t have accent marks?

HAS ACCENTS; tu, el/ella, ellos/ellas, vosotros; NO ACCENTS: yo, nosotros

What do irregular verbs preterite form NOT HAVE on their conjugations?

irregular preterite form, and irregular preterite verbs never have accent marks on any of their endings