APWH Final

Flashcards based on review notes to study for a World History exam.

What discredited early 20th-century notions of race?

The horrors of the Nazi regime

What effect did the Bretton Woods system have on globalization after World War II?

It set rules for commercial/financial dealings among capitalist countries.

What resulted from the advent of the moving assembly line?

Workers lost control over the pace of their work.

What was an impact of industrialization on education?

Education became the job of the state.

What key issue was identified in Western feminism by women of color beginning in the 1960s?

Ending racism and poverty

What marked the first step in the end of the communist era?

The death of Mao Zedong in China

What was the result of Deng Xiaoping's reforms in China in the 1980s?

Rapid economic growth based on capitalist models

How would you describe a major change in international relations in the 1980s and 1990s?

The reduction of confrontation between communist and noncommunist countries

What did Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor result in?

The wars in Asia and Europe merged into a single global war

What contributed to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century?

Nationalist-inspired independence movements in Greece, Serbia, and Romania

Which group in the Ottoman Empire advocated radical secularization and modernization in the nineteenth century?

Young Turks

What was a result of the reform program launched by the Japanese leadership in the late nineteenth century?

A radical transformation of the social structure of Japan

What was a consequence of nineteenth-century European imperialism on colonized societies?

The integration of colonial economies into a global network of exchange

What did most of the European capital invested in Latin America finance?

Railroads

What was true of the women's movement by the early 1900s?

In most industrialized countries of the West, it became a mass movement

What was an effect of the Haitian Revolution throughout the Atlantic world?

Slave owners and whites were filled with a deep caution and fear

Why have the Atlantic revolutions been described as democratic revolutions?

Their overall thrust was to extend political rights further than before

What marked a major turning point in the relationship between China and Christian missionaries?

The pope’s claim of authority over Chinese Christians

How did Mughal India handle religious differences in the early modern era?

Akbar formed a state cult combining Islam, Hinduism, and Zoroastrianism

Give a principle or practice upheld in Sikhism?

Equality of men and women

How did European countries seek to control trade in Asia from 1450 to 1750?

By force of arms and conquest

Why were Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain the first to expand into the New World?

They were on the Atlantic coast and were closer to the Americas

How did the Mongol rulers treat people in conquered territories?

Chinese and Muslim officials allowed to hold advisory positions in government

What happened to the Mongols in Persia in the fourteenth century?

The Mongols assimilated into Persian society

What was a long-term effect of the Black Death on European society?

Labor shortages weakened serfdom

What was a European colonial view that shaped the development of African identity in the nineteenth century?

The notion of an Africa divided into tribes

How does the text highlight the relationship between imperialism and nationalism?

Colonies as symbols of “Great Power” status

How did the Mongols contribute to the globalization of the Eurasian world?

In providing a secure environment for traders

How did many Native Americans in Mesoamerica and Peru respond to Spanish missionaries?

They blended their old customs into Catholic practices

What was an outcome of the establishment of European empires in the Americas?

The emergence of an Atlantic world connecting four continents

What happened to the native populations of the steppes and Siberia due to Russian imperial expansion?

Assimilation

How did the slave trade affect African states?

Some African states depended on revenues from the slave trade

In the early modern era, what role did Europeans play in the economy?

They were essentially middlemen funneling American silver to Asia

How did China's silver tax policy in the 1570s affect the global economy?

The value of silver around the world skyrocketed

How did nineteenth-century developments in the sciences depart from Enlightenment principles?

They emphasized conflict and struggle as the motors of progress

What was a result of the end of slavery in the Atlantic world?

New forms of dependent labor like sharecropping emerged

Who benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution in nineteenth-century Britain?

The middle classes

Which group in the United States in the early twentieth century supported reforms to improve working conditions?

The progressives

What is a feature of Karl Marx's vision of the society after the collapse of capitalism?

A society without classes and conflict

How were Ethiopia's and Siam's encounters with European imperialism similar?

Both avoided the colonization to which their neighbors succumbed

How did Charles Darwin's ideas on evolution influence Western imperialism?

They were used to justify the displacement or destruction of “weak” races

How did colonial rule in Africa affect the lives of women?

Women of impoverished families became heads of household in absence of men

What was the significance of the opium trade in China in the nineteenth century?

It reversed the trade imbalance in favor of Britain

What was a more prominent feature of World War II than World War I?

The blurring of the line between civilian and military targets

What did Japan, Italy, and Germany share in the 1930s?

Aggressive ambition for conquest and empire building

What was a global repercussions of the Great Depression response among many Latin American countries

Import substitution industrialization

What best supports the argument that colonialism was responsible for the lack of economic development in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East?

The tendency of former colonies to export raw materials

What did many 18th century Enlightenment thinkers and Karl Marx have in common?

Both argued that religion was doomed to extinction

What was a distinctive feature of environmental movements in the Global South?

The involvement of poor people

During the late twentieth century, some regions within the developed world reinvented themselves as hubs for education, health care, and information technology because of which of the following?

A decline in manufacturing within those regions