Major Functions of Each Cell Type

Q: What is the major function of B cells? a) Use cell-surface immunoglobulin to bind and recognize antigen, activate and differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies b) Directly kill infected cells c) Phagocytose pathogens d) Present antigens to T cells

Answer: a

Q: What is the major function of basophils? a) Produce antibodies b) Release histamine and other mediators in allergic responses, promote inflammation c) Phagocytose pathogens d) Present antigens

Answer: b

Q: What is the major function of dendritic cells? a) Produce antibodies b) Kill infected cells c) Important for phagocytosis and pathogen destruction, link innate and adaptive immune response, major role in antigen uptake and presentation d) Produce cytokines only

Answer: c

Q: What is the major function of eosinophils? a) Produce antibodies b) Phagocytose bacteria c) Present antigens d) Defense against multicellular parasites, involved in allergic reactions

Answer: d

Q: What is the major function of macrophages? a) Long-lived cells that specialize in phagocytosis, scavengers that eliminate pathogens, dead cells, or debris, secrete cytokines b) Produce antibodies c) Kill infected cells d) Present antigens only

Answer: a

Q: What is the major function of mast cells? a) Produce antibodies b) Release histamine and other mediators in allergic responses, promote inflammation c) Phagocytose bacteria d) Present antigens

Answer: b

Q: What is the major function of monocytes? a) Produce antibodies b) Kill infected cells c) Differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells d) Present antigens

Answer: c

Q: What is the major function of neutrophils? a) Produce antibodies b) Present antigens c) Kill infected cells d) Specialize in phagocytosis, more mobile than macrophages, comprise 50% of circulating white blood cells, short-lived

Answer: d

Q: What is the major function of plasma cells? a) Produce antibodies that bind and neutralize pathogens and toxins b) Phagocytose pathogens c) Present antigens d) Kill infected cells

Answer: a

Q: What is the major function of T cells? a) Produce antibodies b) Use T-cell receptor protein to bind and recognize antigen, activated and differentiate to clear pathogens c) Phagocytose pathogens d) Present antigens

Answer: b

Q: What is the major function of ILC1s? a) Aid in phagocytosis of extracellular pathogens, activate presentation to adaptive immune cells, secrete IFN-γ b) Help clear multicellular pathogens, release IL-5 c) Help clear pathogens by activating neutrophils and nearby epithelial cells, secrete IL-17 and IL-22 d) Produce antibodies

Answer: a

Q: What is the major function of ILC2s? a) Aid in phagocytosis of extracellular pathogens b) Help clear multicellular pathogens such as helminths, release IL-5, promote activation of mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils c) Help clear pathogens by activating neutrophils d) Produce antibodies

Answer: b

Q: What is the major function of ILC3s? a) Aid in phagocytosis of extracellular pathogens b) Help clear multicellular pathogens c) Help clear pathogens by activating neutrophils and nearby epithelial cells, secrete IL-17 and IL-22 d) Produce antibodies

Answer: c

Q: How long do neutrophils live after phagocytosing pathogens? a) Days b) Weeks c) Months d) They die within hours

Answer: d

Q: Where do macrophages reside? a) In specific organs and body areas b) Only in the blood c) Only in the lymph nodes d) Only in the bone marrow

Answer: a

Q: What is apoptosis? a) Cell division b) Programmed cell death c) Cell activation d) Cell differentiation

Answer: b

Q: Where do dendritic cells reside? a) Only in the blood b) Only in the lymph nodes c) In tissues of the body d) Only in the bone marrow

Answer: c

Q: What can dendritic cells do after encountering pathogens? a) Stay at the site of infection permanently b) Only produce antibodies c) Only kill infected cells d) Leave site of infection to display antigen and activate adaptive immunity

Answer: d

Q: What are antigen-presenting cells? a) Cells that process engulfed material into peptides and present them at the surface for T cells b) Cells that produce antibodies c) Cells that kill infected cells d) Cells that produce cytokines

Answer: a

Q: Which of the following are antigen-presenting cells? a) B cells and T cells b) Granulocytes, monocytes, and mast cells c) NK cells d) Erythrocytes

Answer: b