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What are the eight reasons for changing birth and fertility rates?
contraception, compulsroy education, changing role of women, decline in infant mortality, economic reasons, changing positions of children, changing values and geographical mobility
How have economic factors affected birth rates?
kids are more expensive, kids more dependent on their parents for longer
How has individualisation affected birth rates?
increasing less expected to follow norms and values
How has risk affected birth rates?
many feel that their relationships are not healthy enough or that they are not fnancially stable enough to have kids
How has changing attitudes affected birth rates?
women’s priorities have changed (sue Sharpe)
How has changing opportunities affected birth rates?
women can now go further and gain better careers
What are th 10 impacts of changes in fertility rates?
growth of the beanpole family, growth of voluntary childlessness, decrease in full time mothers, reducion in labour force, dependency ratio, immigration, ageing population, increasing social care bill, increasing NHS costs, individual children more valued
How did the 1967 abortion act work?
came into force in 1968, allowed practitioners to terminate a pregancy in England, Scotland and Wales
When was the abortion act in Northeren Ireland passed?
2020
How many families were there in 2003 vs 2013
7.4 million vs 7.7 million
how many single child families were there by 2013?
3.6 million (47 perecent)
Who was the original target audience of the pill?
older women who had already had children
When did the role of the pill change?
1974 when it was ade accessible for single women
What percentage of british women have used the pill?
70 percent
How did the role of childbearing change in the UK?
lower rate sof childbearing, increase in cohabitation, less kids available for adoption, decrease in shotgun marriages and the idea of courtship
What was the birth rate in 1947 vs 2018?
20.5 vs 11.1
What are the overall trends for birth rates?
2022 was 11.32 births per 1000, a 0.48 percent decrease from 2021
What are the benefits of an ageing population?
less competition to education services and grandparents able to help with childcare
What has happened to both general fertility rates and total fertility rates?
in 1938 it wa 1.84 children and in 2019 it was 1.65
What is general fertility rates?
total number of live births per 1,000 women of reproductive age
What is total fertility rates?
the total number of kids who would be born per women in child bearing years
