Transplantations and Borderlands Vocab

Cecilius & George Calvert, Lords Baltimore

Cecilius & George Calvert, Lords Baltimore

George Calvert got a charter from King Charles I and created the Providence of Maryland. He was known as Lord Baltimore. When George died, his son, Cecilius, took over and became the new Lord Baltimore

John Rolfe

John Rolfe was known as the economic savior of Jamestown because he was the first one to plant tobacco, which greatly boosted Jamestown’s economy.

John Smith

John Smith was the captain that brought the first group to Jamestown, and was their leader. The people of Jamestown elected John Smith as the President of the colony and he began getting the gentlemen to work.

Anne Hutchinson

She was a member of the Massachusetts bay Colony. She suggested that women should have roles in the church and government. She was known for hosting gatherings after church and would sometimes speak out against and question the preacher. She was exiled.

Roger Williams

He was a member of the Massachusetts bay Colony. He was a preacher and proposed that the church and state should be seperated. He also suggested that the MBC should ally with the Native Americans. He got exiled and created Rhode Island.

 Thomas Hooker

Was a preacher in the MBC. He disagreed with the Puritan leaders and gathered a group of people and left the colony. He then founded Connecticut and is known as the Father of Connecticut.

John Winthrop & “City upon a Hill”

Governor of MBC, shaped policy & society around Puritan righteousness → religious intolerance → new N.E. colonies

John Winthrop delivered a sermon before he and his fellow settlers reached New England . The sermon is famous largely for its use of the phrase “a city on a hill,” used to describe the expectation that the Massachusetts Bay colony would shine like an example to the world .

William Penn

William Penn was an English writer, religious thinker, and influential Quaker who founded the Province of Pennsylvania during the British colonial era

James Oglethorpe

James Edward Ogelthorpe was the founder of the colony of Georgia.

Colonial charters - (corporate/charter, royal, and proprietary)

Colonial charters were given by a king and gave permission to create a colony.

Colonial regions and their characteristics

New England had skilled craftsmen in the industry of shipbuilding. The Mid-Atlantic presented a diverse workforce of farmers, fisherman, and merchants. The Southern Colonies were primarily agricultural with few cities and limited schools.

Joint-stock company

Joint-stock companies provided money for colonization in the 1600's. King James I was the first to begin chartering colonies to make money and the most famous one was the Virginia Company (1607)

Headright system

The Headright system was used in Jamestown to attract settlers. Settlers were given “headrights” or 50 acres of Jamestown land for settling in or sponsoring voyages to Jamestown.

Jamestown

Established by the Virginia Company of London this settlement would be called Jamestown, after king James I. Was built in Chesapeake Bay.

Labor Systems: Slave Labor

Slave labor was forced labor in the colonies with no pay

Labor Systems: Free Labor

Free Labor was when you were paid for labor and were free to leave your job whenever you wanted.

Labor System: Indentured Servitude

Labor in which a person is under contract for a specified time period. They would have to pay off their contract with a sponsor, which would take an average of 7 years.

Powhatan Confederacy

The Powhatan Confederacy was a large and powerful confederation of tribes in Virginia. They interacted with the British settlers through trade and conflicts during the Anglo-Powhatan Wars. This interaction reflected the complex dynamics between Native American tribes and European colonizers

Toleration Act

The Toleration Act of 1689 made by the Parliament of England gave all non-conformists, except Roman Catholics, freedom of worship, thus rewarding Protestant dissenters for their refusal to side with James II. They had to promise to be loyal to the British ruler and their heirs.

Virginia Company

The Virginia Company was formed both to bring profit to its shareholders and to establish an English colony in the New World. The Company established the colony of Jamestown

Virginia House of Burgesses

As Jamestown expanded, the House of Burgesses was created in 1619. The Burgesses were representatives. This was the first representative assembly in America and was a seed of democracy.

Congregational Church

Congregational Churches are sometimes known as the “Church of the Pilgrims” after the small congregations of the early 1600's. The people of these congregations moved from England to the new world in pursuit of religious freedom.

Covenant

Beginning in the 1620s and 1630s, colonial New England was settled by Puritans who believed that they were obligated to build a holy society in covenant with God. The covenant was the foundation for Puritan convictions concerning personal salvation, the church, social cohesion and political authority.

Mayflower Compact

The Mayflower Compact was written in 1620 and was a written agreement for self government. It was a rule of laws to follow and was a seed of democracy.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Puritans created the MBC in 1630 during the Great Migration for religious freedom for themselves. They were known for their new colonies and their growth, but also their religious intolerance. Sinners went to jail and people were often exiled if they disagreed with religious or government ideas.

New England Confederation

The purpose of the New England Confederation was to create a military alliance among four New England colonies. For most of its existence, it failed in this purpose. In 1675, however, the Confederation united its four members to declare war upon the Wampanoag nation, a war the Confederation won at great cost.

Plymouth Plantation

The Pilgrims set up the Plymouth Plantation and was a colony in New England.

Praying Indians

Praying towns were settlements established by English colonial governments in New England from 1646 to 1675 in an effort to convert local Native Americans to Christianity. The Native people who moved into the towns were known as Praying Indians.

Puritans

The Puritans were a group of English Protestants who believed that the reforms of the Church of England did not go far enough. Puritans believed that they were the “elect”. When they left England due to religious persecution, they created the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Wampanoags

When the Pilgrims set up Plymouth Plantation, they created a good relationship with the natives of the area, the Wampanoags. The Wampanoags taught them skills of the land and the two groups learned from one another.

Fundamental Constitution for Carolina

The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, called the "Grand Model," provided the form of government and society for the Carolina colony from 1669 to 1698.

New Amsterdam

New Amsterdam was a colony created by the Dutch and is what we know as New York.

Quakers

In the mid-1600s, a new, independent religious sect was founded whose values and beliefs went against the convention of the Church of England. This new sect called themselves the Society of Friends, or Quakers, whose faith and practices were so radical that persecution fell upon them.

Restoration colonies

A restoration colony was one of a number of land grants in North America given by King Charles II of England in the later half of the 17th century, ostensibly as a reward to his supporters in the Stuart Restoration. The two major restoration colonies were the Province of Pennsylvania and the Province of Carolina.

English Caribbean (part. sugarcane)

English planters first began growing sugarcane in Barbados in the 1640s, using a mixture of convicts and prisoners from the British Isles and enslaved people from Africa. Sugar agriculture was very profitable and it quickly spread throughout the Caribbean and to Louisiana and Mississippi in North America.

Triangular trade

In New England, a route of trade was created, called the Triangular Trade. It is called the Triangle Trade because the routes the ships took – between Rhode Island, Africa, and the West Indies - formed a triangle. A ship might begin in Rhode Island with a cargo of rum. From Rhode Island it sailed to the coast of Africa where its cargo of rum was traded for captured Africans. Then the ship would go to the West Indies where they would trade the African slaves for sugar cane and molasses.

Dominion of New England

The Dominion of New England was a group of British colonies in New England that joined together in the 17th century. The Dominion was created by King James II to give him greater control over the affairs of the colonies.

Navigation Acts

The Navigation Acts (1651, 1660) were acts of Parliament intended to promote the self-sufficiency of the British Empire by restricting colonial trade to England and decreasing dependence on foreign imported goods.

Bacon’s Rebellion

In Jamestown, people began to notice a hierarchy. The decrease in the prices of tobacco, and the growing slave and indentured servant population class created many frustrations from the planter class towards Sir William Berkeley, who was the governor of Virginia. The people were also being unfairly taxed, while not being given representation in the government. Bacon created a militia and defied Berkeley. He attacked the Natives, and burned Jamestown. This rebellion was a success until Bacon’s death 2 years later.

“Starving Time”

“The starving time” was the winter of 1609-1610, when food shortages, fractured leadership, and a siege by Powhatan Indian warriors killed two of every three colonists at James Fort.

King Philip’s War

King Philip's War was an armed conflict in 1675–1676 between a group of indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands against the English New England Colonies and their indigenous allies

Pequot War

The Pequot War was an armed conflict that took place in 1636 and ended in 1638 in New England, between the Pequot tribe and an alliance of the colonists from the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies and their allies from the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes. The main cause of the Pequot War was competition over control of trade and land. The English Puritans expanded into Pequot territory, which resulted in growing tension. The English also wanted stake in the fur and wampum trade in the region, which was already being controlled by the Dutch and the Pequot.

Salutary neglect

The salutary neglect definition is the unofficial British policy where parliamentary rules and laws were loosely or not enforced on the American colonies and trade. For the colonists, this policy expanded freedom when it came to trade and self-government, and resulted in colonial growth and prosperity.

Boston Revolt of 1689

The 1689 Boston revolt was a popular uprising on April 18, 1689, against the rule of Sir Edmund Andros, the governor of the Dominion of New England. A well-organized "mob" of provincial militia and citizens formed in the town of Boston, the capital of the dominion, and arrested dominion officials.

Glorious Revolution

The term Glorious Revolution refers to the series of events in 1688-89 which culminated in the exile of King James II and the accession to the throne of William and Mary. It has also been seen as a watershed in the development of the constitution and especially of the role of Parliament.

John Coode’s Rebellion

The Protestant Revolution, also known Coode's Rebellion after one of its leaders, John Coode, took place in the summer of 1689 in the English Province of Maryland when Puritans, by then a substantial majority in the colony, revolted against the proprietary government led by the Catholic Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore.