Spanish 2 units 8 and 9 grammar

apetecer

to be appealing/ to sound good

dar asco

to be gross

encantar

to be enchanting

parecer

to seem

preterite ar verb endings

é, aste, ó, amos, asteis, aron

preterite er/ir verb endings

í, iste, ió, imos, isteis, ieron

ayer

yesterday

anoche

last night

reflexive verbs + pronouns

the person doing and receiving the action is the same

me, te, se, nos, os, se

formal commands

use opposite endings

for usted and ustedes

steps to use formal affirmative command

1. present yo form

2. drop the -o

3. add opposite ending -e or -a or -en or -an

how to form affirmative formal command

add no before affirmative command

no conec

irregular yo forms

tener → tengo

hacer → hago

decir → digo

stem change in yo form

sentir (e → ie) → siento

dormir (o→ ue) → duermo

sonreír (e→i) → sonrío

reflexive verbs and affirmative formal commands

attached to conjugated command form

-accent mark is added in 2 or more syllables to maintain original stress

lávese las manos

lávense las manos

reflexive verbs and negative formal commands

between the ‘no’ and verb

no + pronoun + conjugated command form

no se preocupe

no se preocupen

car gar zar verbs

sacar → yo saco → saque, saquen

llegar → yo llego → llegue, lleguen

comenzar → yo comienzo → comience, comiencen

dar

dé, den

estar

estê, estén

ir

vaya, vayan

saber

sepa, sepan

ser

sea, sean

negative informal commands

same steps as formal but add es (ar) and as (er/ir)