EMPTECH: Lesson 1 & Lesson 2

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Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

• deals with the use of different communication technologies such as mobile phones, telephones, internet and others to locate save, send and edit information.

digital native

• people born surrounded by technology

digital migrants

• people who had to learn how to adapt to technology

Birth of PHNET (1993)

• ICT in the Philippines timeline

• Birth of the Philippine Internet: Philnet project; currently called PHNET

Philippines' First Internet Connection (1994)

• ICT in the Philippines timeline

• Philippines' first connection to the Internet at a PLDT network

Growth of Mobile Networks (2013)

• ICT in the Philippines timeline

• Mobile cellular subscriptions reach 102 million

• The massive growth of the country's mobile networks

Fastest Growing Connections (2014)

• ICT in the Philippines timeline

• fastest growing internet population in the last five years with a growth of 531%

Internet connection population penetration (2017)

• ICT in the Philippines timeline

• 119M Mobile Phone Subscriptions

• 95% Prepaid

• Greater 10% Broadband Subscription

• 55% Mobile Broadband Subscription

• 80% Subscribed to the Lowest Speed Plans (1-3 MBPS)

Philippines

• the "ICT hub of Asia"

• Social Media Capital of the World

• the 97th of internet connection

• the country that currently has one of the highest digital populations in the world

Telecommunications Infrastructure

• the aspect as to why the Philippines has slow internet

• a physical medium through which all internet traffic flows

• the heavy congestion of the Philippines in each cell tower depletes(lowers) the data each user gets

• Ex. Cell Towers

Topography

• the aspect as to why the Philippines has slow internet

• taken into consideration due to the possibility that some places may have electrical problems or fewer internet users

• due to the Philippines' many islands it is hard to put up a cell tower in different places

Return of Investment (ROI)

• the aspect as why the Philippines has slow internet

• each cell tower made must earn enough from internet users for its maintenance, especially in far-off places where it is not as populous.

• taken into consideration where cell towers have to be put up because cell towers are expensive

Appropriate legislation

• the aspect as to why the Philippines has slow internet

• using the Anti-Red Tape Act and Republic Act No. 11032(Ease of Doing Business) it takes cell tower builders less than a month to obtain the proper permits

Lack of Competition

• the aspect as to why the Philippines has slow internet

• the duopoly of Globe and PLDT is a factor on why the internet service is bad because people do not have a choice but to choose either of the 2 to be their internet provider

• therefore the 2 telecoms are not competing with each other to get more internet users *DITO might stop the Duopoly

Government Support

• the aspect as to why the Philippines has slow internet

• the government must create a better plan when it comes to telecommunications infrastructure to control the major telecoms so that everyone will be able to get broadband connection

Web 1.0

• the evolution of the Internet

• static websites without interactivity

• read-only websites

Web 2.0

• the evolution of the Internet

• websites that contain dynamic content

• read & write websites

• its keywords: Taxonomy, Rich User Experience, has a Software as a service

Web 3.0

• the evolution of the Internet

• has the concept of the World Wide Web (www) that is designed to cater to the individual users

• read, write & execute websites

Static

• refers to web pages that are the same regardless of the user

Dynamic

• refers to web pages that are affected by user input or preference

Convergence

• the synergy of technological advancement to work on a similar goal or task

• cloud technologies to sync files

• uses several technologies to accomplish a task conveniently

Social Media

• websites, applications, or online channels that enable users to create, co-create, discuss, modify, and exchange user-generated content

1. Social Networks

2. Bookmarking Sites

3. Social News

4. Media Sharing

5. Microblogging

6. Blogs and Forums

Types of Social Media

Assistive Media

• nonprofit service designed to help people who have visual and reading impairments

• examples: Braille displays, screen reading software, text-to-speech systems using Optical Character Recognition (OCR), large print materials

• iOS

• Android -Blackberry OS

• Windows Phone OS

• Symbian

• WebOS

• Windows Mobile

Operating Systems of Mobile Technologies

Cybercrime

• a crime committed or assisted through the use of the Internet

Privacy Policy

• tells the user how the website will handle its data

Malware

• stands for malicious software

Virus

• a malicious program designed to replicate itself and transfer from one computer to the other

• corrupts or deletes data from programs and files but requires human interaction to activate

• example: ILOVEYOU, Melissa Virus, Browser Hijacker

Worm

• a malicious program that transfers from one computer to another by any type of means

• will spread and multiply via networks and work without human action

• example: Morris Worm, Nimda, SQL Slammer

Trojans

• a malicious program that is disguised as a useful program, like legit websites, and once downloaded or installed, it leaves your PC unprotected and allows hackers to get your information

• hides in useful looking programs but wait for human action to work

• example: Zeus/Zbot, SpyEye, ice IX

Spyware

• a program that runs in the background without you knowing it and has the ability to monitor what you are currently doing and typing through keylogging

• example: Advance Keylogger, GO Keyboard, Gator(GAIN)

Keylogging

• the use of an activity-monitoring program to record every keystroke made by a computer user in order to gain fraudulent access to passwords and other confidential information

Adware

• a program designed to send you advertisements, mostly pop-ups

• designed to generate revenue for its developer every time a user clicks on the ad it shows

• example: Fireball, Appearch, DollarRevenue

Spam

• unwanted email mostly from bots or advertisers

• can be advertisements from legit businesses or cyber criminals

• not illegal because it is a way for businesses to reach you

Scam

• misleads users and targets their personal information through fabricated promises, confidence trick, etc.

• completely illegal as these people knowingly trick you intro giving out personal information

Phishing

• acquires sensitive personal information by pretending to be a reliable link or source to deceive victims into opening an email or text message that leads to the installation of malware

Smishing

• a type of Phishing

• Short Message Service(SMS) phishing

• attacker send bogus text messages to a website that injects malware into the device

Vishing

• a type of Phishing

• voice phishing where the attacker pretends to be calling as reliable personnel of the government or bank to fool you into giving out personal information

Search Engine Phishing

• a type of Phishing

• attacker creates a website that would offer cheap products and too-good-to-be-true deals that would be then detected and indexed by legitimate search engines tricking people into entering their personal information.

Pharming

• uses malicious code to direct victims to unconciously go to a spoofed website

• a more complicated way of phishing where it exploits the DNS(Domain Name Service) System

• can be through Messages or Transactions

Copyright

• part of the law, wherein you have the right to use your work and anyone who uses it without your consent is punishable by law

Direct licensing

• limitation of copyright ownership

• where potential users seek general licensing conditions to follow or directly ask the owner for permission of use

Fair use

• limited to the ability to use it without profiting from it

• Permits the distribution and reproduction of copyrighted materials under certain conditions and depending on the purpose of its secondary use.

• examples: copyright material is cited, only a small portion is used and the value of the material is unaffected

Creative Commons

• limitation of copyright ownership

• the copyright owner grants authorization for others to utilize their work under specific restrictions

Public Domain

• limitation of copyright ownership

• all creative works have been placed in public domain by their creators are free from all copyright restrictions, making it possible to use them for profit without seeking permission

Copyright Infringement

• illegal usage of other people's intellectual property without permission for monetary gain

• properties like: software, written or drawn works, films & photographs, music and sound recordings

Fair Use

• a doctrine in copyright law that allows limited, restricted, and monitored use of copyrighted material without requiring permission from the right owners

• means that intellectual property may be used without consent as long as it is used in commentaries, criticisms, search engines, parodies, news reports, library archiving, teaching, and education

Purpose of Use

• Factors of Fair Use

• copyright material can be used for the purpose of criticism or review without resulting to infringement but must also come with acknowledgement

Nature of Work

• Factors of Fair Use

• Published works: if material is used, will not lead to infringement

• Unpublished works: if material is used, will lead to infringement

Amount of Work

• Factors of Fair Use

• if only a small portion of the work is used and does not affect the original work, it does not amount to infringement

• It may result in infringement, however when a major portion is used

Effect of Work

• Factors of Fair Use

• if a work took a portion from a copyrighted work and affected its market as well as its potential market, then it will lead to infringement