Studied by 1 person
Affective mood disorders- def
Conditions that affect our emotions.
Emotions are temporary and they change according to the situation
Mood disorders- def
Ppl w mood disorders experience emotions for extended periods of time.
-ve/ +ve emotions dominate + affect their thoughts and feelings in a way that can lead to dysfunction, distress and danger
Mood- last longer
Episode- def
Time period in which a certain mood dominates.
They can be DEPRESSIVE, MANIC, HYPOMANIC or MIXED
Polar- def
Idea that our moods are on a continuum. The ends of the scale are the 2 poles: v high mood and v low mood
Depressive disorder (unipolar- def
Experiences moods within the normal range but set their mood drops to the v low end of the scale
Diagnosed if they’ve experienced a depressed mood for 2 weeks nearly everyday
Depressive episode- def
Period of depressed mood occurring for most of the days nearly everyday during a period lasting two weeks accompanied by other symptoms
Diversity of cognitive, affective, behavioural and somatic symptoms
Recurrent depressive episode- def
Experiences at least 2 depressive episodes.
Doc- can add a specifier of MILD, MODERATE or SEVERE to describe the intensity of the episode.
Symptoms of depressive disorder/ episode
Feelings of worthlessness
Reduced interest in activities- can lead to lack of social engagement
Difficultly concentrating
Recurring thoughts of death/suicide
Feeling agitated- fatigue
Changes in sleep/ appetite
Bipolar disorder (manic, mixed or hypomanic)-def
Characterised by liability of mood.
Changeability and institutional with which moods may be experienced
BIPOLAR TYPE 1
Occurrence of at least ONE MANIC or MIXED EPISODE
Manic ep- def
A period of at least one week where mood is extremely high
MANIC SYMPTOMS
Euphoria
Irritability
Grandiosity- extremely high self-esteem/ confidence
Highly active
Subjective sense of increase in energy
Rapid speech/ change of thoughts- can lead to difficulty in concentrating
Decreased need for sleep
Easily distracted
Impulsive/ Reckless
Mixed ep- def
A period of two weeks where there is a mixture of mania and depressive states
Both symptoms can be experienced within. The same week or even day
MIXED EP SYMPTOMS
Rapid alternating between manic and depressive states on most days during the TWO WEEK PERIOD
Changes to sleep/ appetite
Feelings of worthlessness/ guilt/ hopelessness
Difficulties in conc
Suicidal thoughts
BIPOLAR TYPE 2- DEF
Occurrence of ONE OR MORE hypomanic episode and at least one depressive episode
Hypomanic ep- def
Less extreme version of manic episode and involves several days of persistent elevated mood or increased irritability
Hypomanic ep- symptoms
several days of persistent elevated mood or increased irritability
Increased energy levels/ activity
Daily functioning is less impaired
Behaviours- less versions of manic episode- eg increased self esteem/ talkativeness
NO HISTORY OF MIXED/ MANIC EPS
Duration of episodes
MANIC: One week
MIXED: two weeks
DEPRESSIVE: two weeks
HYPOMANIC: several days
STRENGTHS OF DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
Reliability- inter rather reliability is high: 2000ppt and >300 clinicians from 13 diff countries- high levels of agreement for bipolar disorder: 84% and recurrent depressive disorder: 74%
Strengths of the diagnostic guidelines of mood disorders
ICD-11- developed by experts in the field and is regularly updated- improves validity of guidelines as experts review the criteria and update them w new findings from research abt mood disorders.
Holistic guidelines- many types of mood disorders given. Help give a precise diagnosis and treatment
Used in many countries around the world to diagnose mental health problems in a similar way around the world- good generalisability
Guidelines are objectives and give a precise outline of the mood disorders given and symptoms. Hence these guidelines can be used by practitioners to diagnose their patients with mood disorders based on the symptoms described
WEAKNESSES OF DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
ICD-11 less reliable when diagnosing dysthymia- 45% and Bipolar type 2- 62%
Cultural differences
Strength of ICD-11:
Focuses on affective and cog symptoms of depression but clinicians r informed that in many LOW-MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES (LMIC’s) ppl are more likely to report SOMATIC symptoms more than cog/emotional symptoms. Diagnosis- more sensitivity
Individual vs situational
Individual:
Individual diff: in the way a person thinks, feels and behaves.
Situational:
Trauma-informed approach- focuses more on situational factors like what has happened to the person that has caused them to feel like this.
