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Globalization
Is the process of increasing interdependence and integration among the economies, markets, societies, and cultures of different countries worldwide
Industrial and Knowledge Economy
___________ includes tangible products while _____________ uses intangible products
Telework
A flexible working model that allows employees to perform their job duties from locations outside of their central workplace
Remote Work
Another flexible working model that allows employees to work from anywhere in the world. The only requirement is a good internet connection
Flattening
Decentralization
Flexibility
Location Independence
Transaction Costs
Coordination Costs
Empowerment in Business
Collaborative Work and Teamwork
Transformation of the Enterprise
Flattening
or delayering, typically refers to the elimination of layers in a firm’s organizational hierarchy and the broadening of managers’ spans of control
Decentralization
a key component of this evolution, allows for a more distributed and autonomous approach to decision-making and management, enabling an agile and responsive ecosystem. More on decision-making unlike Flattening.
Flexibility
refers to the ability to adapt to changing requirements and business conditions
Location Independence
is the ability to run a business or earn a living while operating anywhere in the world
Transaction Costs
are defined as the costs beyond the cost of the product or service that are required to exchange a product or service between two entities
Coordination Costs
Are the costs associated with coordinating work between different departments and individuals in an organization. These costs include the time and effort invested in communication, decision making, and other activities necessary to ensure all the necessary components of a project are met.
Empowerment in Business
is a management practice of sharing information, rewards, and power with employees
Digital Firm
Is a company in which almost all significant business relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees are digitally enabled and automated.
Information System
A set of interrelated components that collect, or retrieve, process, store and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization
Information
Data that has been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to human beings
Data
Streams of raw facts representing events occurring in an organizations or the physical environment before they have been arranged into a form that people can understand and use
Social Network
an online community of individuals who exchange messages, share information, and, in some cases, cooperate on joint activities
Cryptocurrency
is a digital or virtual currency that is secured by cryptography, which makes it nearly impossible to counterfeit or double-spend. Many _____________ are decentralized networks based on blockchain technology–a distributed ledger enforced by a disparate network of computers. A defining feature of ___________ is that they are generally not issued by any central authority, rendering them theoretically immune to government interference or manipulation
Industrial Revolution
The process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing. Before industrialization, most European countries had economies dominated by farming and artisan crafts such as hand-woven cloth.
First Industrial Revolution
Was largely confined to Britain. It used water and steam power to mechanize production. The use of new basic materials like iron and steel and the use of new energy sources, including both fuels and motive power, such as coal, the steam engine.
Mechanization
___________ was why agriculture started to be replaced by the industry as the backbone of the societal economy.
Second Industrial Revolution
Used electric power to create mass production. Modern industry began to exploit many natural and synthetic resources: lighter metals, rare earths, new alloys, and synthetic products such as plastics. Emergence of a new source of energy–electricity, gas, and oil. Invention of the automobile and the plane
Electrification
The term used to define the Second Industrial Revolution
Third Industrial Revolution
used nuclear energy, electronics and information technology to automate production. Rise of electronics, telecommunications, and computers. The ___________ opened the doors to space expeditions, research, and biotechnology through the new technologies
Automation
The term used to define the Third Industrial Revolution.
PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers)
Robots
Two major inventions of the Third Industrial Revolution
Fourth Industrial Revolution or Digitalization
the digital revolution that has been occurring since the middle of the last century. It is characterized by a fusion of technologies that is blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres. The possibilities of billions of people connected by mobile devices, with unprecedented processing power, storage capacity, and access to knowledge, are unlimited. Worldwide Economies are based on programmes and projects are being implemented worldwide
Klaus Schwab
The Fourth Industrial Revolution was coined by ____________
Fifth Industrial Revolution
Dawned upon the world in unforeseeable ways as we increasingly rely on Industry 4.0 technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data (BD), the Internet of Things (IoT), digital platforms, augmented and virtual reality, and 3D printing. Known as Society 5.0 or the super smart society may be the final bridge between machine and man. The interdependence of man and machine using cognitive computing and human intelligence. Mass customization and personalization for humans.
Personalization
Term used to define the Fifth Industrial Revolution
1976
The year the number of white collars employed in offices surpassed the number of blue collar workers
Traditional Business Firm
was and still is hierarchical, centralized, structured arrangement of specialists that relied on a fixed set of standard operating procedures to deliver a mass-produced product of service
New Style of Business Firm
Is a flattened (less hierarchical) decentralized, flexible arrangement of rules
Traditional Manager and New Manager
The __________ relies on formal rules. The ____________ appeals to knowledge, learning and decision making of individual employees
The Digital Firm
The intensive use of information technology in business firms since the mid-1990’s has created the conditions for a new phenomenon in industrial society. It is one in which nearly all organization’s significant business relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees, are digitally enabled and mediated.
Core Business Processes
Are accomplished through digital networks spanning the entire organization or linking multiple organizations
Business Process
Refers to the set of logically related tasks and behaviors that organizations develop over time to produce specific business results and the unique manner in which these activities are organized and coordinated
Key Corporate Assets
Intellectual property, core competencies, and financial and human assets–are managed through digital means. In a digital firm, any piece of information required to support key business decisions is available at any time and anywhere in the firm
Time Shifting
Refers to business being conducted continuously, 24/7 rather than in narrow “work day” time bands of 9am to 5pm
Space Shifting
Means that work takes place in a global workshop, as well as within national boundaries. Work is accomplished physically wherever in the world it is best accomplished
Information System
Are essential for conducting day-to-day business in the US and most other advanced countries, as well as achieving strategic business objectives
Operational Excellence
Businesses continuously seek to improve the efficiency of their operations in order to achieve higher profitability. Information systems and technologies are some of the most important tools available to managers for achieving higher levels of efficiency and productivity in business operations, especially when coupled with changes in business practices and management behavior.
Customer and Supplier Intimacy
Improved Decision Making
Competitive Advantage
Survival
Advantages of MIS
Customer and Supplier Intimacy
When a business really knows its customers, and serves them well, the customers generally respond by returning and purchasing more. The more a business engages its suppliers, the better the suppliers can provide vital inputs
Improved Decision Making
Many business managers operate in an information fog bank, never really having the right information at the right time to make an informed decision. Instead, managers rely on forecasts, best guesses, and luck. The result is over or underproduction of goods and services, misallocation of resources, and poor response times.
Competitive Advantage
When firms achieve one or more of these business objectives–operational excellence; new products and services, and business models; customer/supplier intimacy; and improved decision making–chances are they have already achieved a ______________.
Survival
Business firms also invest in information systems and technologies because they are necessities of doing business. Sometimes these “necessities” are driven by industry-level changes. For instance, after Citibank introduced the first automated teller machine (ATMs) in the New York region in 1977 to attract customers through higher service levels, its competitors rushed to provide ATMs to their customers to keep up with Citibank.
Input
The capture or collection of raw data from within the organization or from its external environment for processing in an information system
Processing
Conversion, manipulation and analysis of raw input into a form that is more meaningful to humans
Output
The distribution of processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used
Feedback
Output that is returned to the appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate or correct input
Regulatory Agencies
are organizations designed to manage some area of human activity through a set of rules and licenses. It’s usually created to enforce standards of safety and quality across an industry.
Technology Change
Cloud computing platforms have emerged as a major business area of innovation. Growth in software as a service. Mobile digital platform emerges to compete with the PC as a business system. Flexible collection of computers pm the Internet begins to perform tasks traditionally performed on corporate computers. Major business applications are now delivered online as an internet service rather than as a boxed software or custom systems.
Cloud Computing Metaphor
The group of networked elements providing services need not be individually addressed or managed by users; instead, the entire provider-managed suite of hardware and software can be thought of as an amorphous cloud
Management Change
Managers adopt online collaboration and social networking software to improve coordination, collaboration, and knowledge sharing. Business intelligence applications accelerate. Virtual meetings proliferate.
Organizations Change
Web 2.0 applications are widely adopted by firms. Telework gains momentum in the workplace. Co-creation of business value.
Collaboration spaces
_____________ are where employees meet one another–even when they are separated by continents and time zones
Web 2.0
Known as participative or participatory web – refers to websites that emphasize user-generated content, ease of use, participatory culture and interoperability
Cyberpsychology
it is the study of the impact of technology on human behavior
Kubernetes
Cyber short for cybernetics which refers to game, system, and organization theory. Cybernetics originates from Greek “___________” meaning pilot/steersman related to Greek kubernesis “the gift of governance”
Cyberspace
The physical arena of electronic, digital signaling and non-physical arena of digital info that is built on electronic digital signaling
Cybersecurity
The discipline that humans use to protect cyberspace. It is the practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks. Is the practice of protecting critical systems and sensitive information from digital attacks.
Information Security
A discipline that includes cybersecurity but also aims to protect all forms of info beyond cyberspace such as paper
1989
When did the Mendax cyber attack on NASA inventory Control System
Russian Space Program
NASA partnered with ______________ – empowering them to use the internet
1990
When did the Gulf War - Iraq attacked AFSC Network Constantly (cyberwar)
2015: Vint Cerf
father of the internet, warns of a Dark Digital Age
2016
When did Misinformation and the meme “Fake News” become common a major threat to democracy
2020
When did COVID19 a perfect for cyber attacks and misinformation
Julian Paul Assange
Is an Australian editor, publisher, and activist who founded WikiLeaks in 2006
Is always the best place to start when you’re building your professional identity. It’s the world’s biggest online professional network, and both hiring managers and recruiters use it to find and vet new talent. It’s always cheaper, faster, and overall easier to hire via a referral than to open up a job to applicants, so make sure you’re the one people are referring, by building a strong and active _________ presence.
Is an American online social media and social networking service owned by Meta Platforms, founded by 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg. It can be accessed from devices with Internet connectivity, such as personal computers, tablets, and smartphones. After registering, users can create a profile revealing information about themselves
is an American microblogging and social networking service on which users post and interact with messages known as "_________". Registered users can post, like, and retweet tweets, but unregistered users can only read those that are publicly available. Users interact with __________ through browser or mobile frontend software, or programmatically via its APIs.
Is an American photo and video sharing social networking service founded by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger. The app allows users to upload media that can be edited with filters and organized by hashtags and geographical tagging. Posts can be shared publicly or with pre-approved followers. Users can browse other users' content by tags and locations and view trending content. Users can like photos and follow other users to add their content to a personal feed.
TikTok
Is meant to suggest the short format of the videos. Launched in 2016 by the Chinese startup company ByteDance, it's known there as Douyin. Its stratospheric growth in usage really began in late 2017, when it acquired a rival app, Musical.ly, and ported over its 200 million account list to ____________.
The Digital Self
The persona you use when you’re online. Some people maintain one or more online identities that are distinct from their “real world” selves; others have a single online that’s more ore less the same as the one they inhabit in the real world
Mobile Computing
Use of smartphones, tablets, laptops, and other mobile devices as computers. It refers to a variety of devices that allow people to access data and information from wherever they are. It transports data, voice, and video over a network via a mobile device.
Artificial Intelligence
refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions.
Virtual Reality
The use of computer technologies to create three-dimensional virtual worlds or objects that users can interact with—computer-generated graphics to create an entire virtual world.
Augmented Reality
The visual portrayal of virtual objects over real-world displays using technologies such as cameras and screens. Computer generated graphics on top of actual reality.
Microsoft Excel
It is a powerful tool you can use to create and format spreadsheets and analyze and share information to make informed decisions
It is a computerized worksheet. It is a spreadsheet application program created by Microsoft Corporation
The application is available in versions of Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X
It is one of the programs included in Microsoft office and its full name is _______________
Worksheet
It is an on-screen spreadsheet that contains various cells in columns and rows
By entering information in the form of labels, values, and formulas into the _____________ cell, you create tables or spreadsheets, useful for summarizing, organizing, analyzing and graphing data
Workbook
It contains one or more worksheets which are automatically named in the sheet tabs
An __________ contains 256 worksheets
The Title Bar
Microsoft Excel displays the name of the workbook you are currently using, At the top of the Excel window, you should see “Microsoft Excel”
The Ribbon
Use to issue commands. The ________ is located near the top of the Excel window; below the QuickAccess toolbar. At the top of the __________ are several tabs; clicking a tab displays several related command groups. You may also find a dialog box launcher in the bottom-right corner of a group.
Home
Includes some of the most commonly used button like those for cutting and pasting information, formatting, data, etc.
Insert
Lets you add tables, graphics, charts, hyperlink, textbook and Word Art
Page Layout
Lets you set up margins, paper orientation and other page setting.
Formulas
Contains mathematical instruction that you use to perform calculations.
Data
Lets you get information from an outside data source (database) so you can analyze it in Excel. It also includes stools for sorting, filtering and subgrouping.
Review
Includes office proofing tools (like spell checker). It also has buttons that lets you add comments to a worksheet and manage revision.
View
Lets you switch on and off a variety of viewing options.
Add Ins
This tab is visible only if you have loaded a workbook or ________ that customizes the menu or toolbars.
Active Cell
The selected cell in which data is entered when you begin typing.
Active Sheet
The sheet that you are working on in a workbook.
Rows
The numbers down the side of the worksheet.
Column
The letters across the top of the worksheet
TEXT BOX
A rectangular object on a worksheet or chart in which you can type text.
Name BOX
Displays the name of the active cell or the selected range and can be used to name a cell range and as a shortcut to a cell or range of cell.
