Administración General: El ambiente organizacional y la globalización

This set of flashcards covers the methods of internationalization, strategic alliances, foreign investment types, and global trade mechanisms discussed in Unit IV of General Administration.

What is defined as an International Market Entry Strategy?

An action taken by a company, following the analysis and diagnosis of the organizational environment, to enter the international market.

What are the two axes used to categorize methods of internationalizing businesses in terms of resource commitment?

The cost of entering foreign operations and the ownership of foreign operations.

What is a Strategic Alliance?

An association of companies from different national origins that join to share resources and knowledge regarding the development of new products or the establishment of manufacturing sites.

According to the transcript, what was the objective of the strategic alliance between Google and Samsung?

Google needed its Android operating system to reach users via phones, while Samsung needed a reliable operating system for the phones it manufactures.

What is Global Sourcing (Outsourcing Global)?

A type of strategic alliance that allows for the acquisition of raw materials, labor, knowledge, or supplies around the world to obtain lower costs.

What is the difference between Importing and Exporting?

In Importing, the company acquires products made abroad to sell in its home country; in Exporting, the company maintains facilities in its home country and sells its products in foreign markets.

How is Licensing defined in the context of internationalization?

A manufacturing company grants a company in another country the right to manufacture or market products under its brand name or use its processes and technology in exchange for a fee, usually based on sales.

What does a Franchising agreement typically include?

A complete business package consisting of a registered trademark, equipment/materials, and administrative, operational, financial, and commercial guidelines.

What are the two main modalities of Foreign Investment?

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Portfolio Investment.

What are the advantages of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)?

Control of business operations, access to foreign markets, and partial ownership (if applicable).

What is a Joint Venture?

A specific type of strategic alliance where partners invest in a business to create a completely new and independent organization located in a specific country with a defined purpose.

With whom did Sony form a Joint Venture in $2012$ and where was the headquarters moved?

Sony joined with the Swedish company Ericsson, and the headquarters moved from Lund, Sweden, to Japan.

What are the two ways a Foreign Subsidiary can be managed?

With local control (multidomestic, polycentric organization) or with centralized control (global organization).

What is a Mixed Capital Company?

A company formed when the State participates alongside private investors, where the private sector provides expertise and technology while the State maintains ownership of the infrastructure.

What is Portfolio Investment?

When a company buys a percentage of shares in another company located abroad, considering the line of business, dividends to be obtained, and regulations.

Which organization is the only global body dealing with the rules of trade between nations and how many members does it have?

The World Trade Organization (WTO/OMC), which is composed of $159$ member countries and $25$ observers.

What is the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

It promotes international monetary cooperation and provides financial advice to its members, which include $188$ countries.

What is the composition of the World Bank (BM)?

It consists of $5$ institutions owned by its member countries and offers financial and technical assistance to developing nations.

What is the goal of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD/OCDE)?

To contribute to economic growth, employment, and standard of living, and it is integrated by $34$ member countries.