Week 3 Architecture of Justification

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12 Terms

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Foundationalism

The theory that certain beliefs, called justified basic beliefs, can stand alone as the foundation for other beliefs.

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Justified Basic Belief

A belief that has at least some justification that is not based on any other belief; also known as properly basic beliefs or immediately justified beliefs.

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Cartesian Standard of J-basicness

A belief is a J-basic belief if it is indubitable and any belief that it is true is infallible.

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Indubitable

A belief that cannot be doubted; if someone considers its truth, they cannot help but believe it is true.

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Infallible

A belief for which there are no possible circumstances under which the belief can be false.

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Chisholm's Principle B

If a person believes, without grounds for doubt, that they perceive something to be a certain way, it is beyond reasonable doubt that their perception is accurate.

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Chisholm's Principle H

Beliefs with low levels of justification can support and increase each other's justification when they cohere.

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Coherentist Theory of Empirical Justification (CTEK)

The idea that all epistemic justification is inferential, without basic beliefs, and is justified by the coherence among a system of beliefs.

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Coherence

The logical consistency and coherent relationships between beliefs; coherence increases with inferential connections and strength among those beliefs.

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Counterexample to Foundationalism

Challenges to foundationalist claims of indubitability and infallibility through scenarios that suggest justified beliefs may not meet those criteria.

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Case of the Lost Mariner

An objection to the coherentist perspective that illustrates the distinction between individual justification and the attainment of actual knowledge.

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Isolation from Truth

The concern that coherentist systems may lack a connection to truth, as coherence itself does not guarantee accurate beliefs.