Processes, Organizations, and Information Systems

This set of flashcards is designed to help students review key concepts related to processes, organizations, and information systems, based on the lecture notes for exam preparation.

Business Process

A network of activities, repositories, roles, resources, and flows that interact to accomplish a business function.

Information Systems (IS)

Systems that support the sharing of content among networks of users.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

A suite of applications that helps manage an organization's vital business operations.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Suite of applications that manage all interactions with customers across the customer life cycle.

Inter-Enterprise Information Systems (IEIS)

Information systems that span across multiple organizations.

Information Silos

Data that is isolated and not easily shared across an organization.

Dynamic Processes

Processes that support strategic and less structured managerial decisions and activities.

Structured Processes

Processes that are formally defined and documented with little variation.

Business Process Reengineering (BPR)

The practice of rethinking and redesigning the way work is done to better support an organization’s mission and reduce costs.

Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)

Software that connects system islands to enable communication and sharing of data.

User Experience (UX)

The overall experience of a person using a product, especially in terms of how easy or pleasing it is to use.

Cloud Computing

Delivery of computing services over the internet, allowing for on-demand, scalable access to resources.

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

A process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system.

Technical Safeguards

Measures that protect the security of information systems through technology.

Human Safeguards

Policies and procedures that protect an organization from internal threats.

Data Safeguards

Measures that protect data from unauthorized access and corruption.

Mobile Ad Spending

Expenditure on advertisements formatted for mobile devices, a critical area for online marketing.

Outsourcing

The process of hiring another organization to perform services, often to reduce costs or gain expertise.

Enterprise Social Networks (ESN)

Software platforms that use social media to facilitate cooperative work within an organization.

Business Process Management (BPM)

A discipline involving the modeling, management, and analysis of business processes.

Phased Implementation

Installing a system in phases or modules, testing each before moving on to the next.

Pilot Implementation

Implementing the entire system in a limited portion of the business to limit exposure if it fails.

Plunge Implementation

A high-risk approach where an organization replaces an old system with a new one all at once.

Parallel Implementation

Running the old and new systems simultaneously to ensure a smooth transition.

Agile Development

An iterative approach to software development that emphasizes flexibility and customer satisfaction.

Scrum Methodology

A framework within Agile for managing and completing complex projects.

Risk Management

The process of identifying, assessing, and controlling threats to an organization's capital and earnings.

Configuration Control

Procedures to ensure that changes to a system are made in a controlled manner.

Service Level Agreement (SLA)

An agreement between a service provider and a customer that outlines the expected level of service.

Value Chain

A set of activities that a company performs to deliver a product or service.

Return on Investment (ROI)

A performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency of an investment.

Market Segmentation

The process of dividing a target market into smaller, more defined groups.

Data Governance

The overall management of data availability, usability, integrity, and security.

Conversion Rate

The percentage of users who take a desired action, such as making a purchase.

Biometric Authentication

Authentication through unique personal characteristics such as fingerprints or facial recognition.

Ransomware

Malware that blocks access to a system or data until a ransom is paid.

Social Capital

The networks of relationships among people who work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively.

Value Proposition

A statement that explains how a product solves a problem, delivers specific benefits, and states why it's better than the alternatives.

Organizational Culture

The values, beliefs, and behaviors that shape how an organization's employees interact and work.

Risk Assessment

The process of identifying and evaluating risks, including likelihood and impacts.

Market Share

The portion of a market controlled by a particular company or product.

Cybersecurity

The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks.

Information Systems Development

The systematic process of developing, implementing, and maintaining information systems.

Feedback Loop

A system output that is used as input to control the behavior of the system.

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Computer-based information systems that support decision-making activities.

Data Mining

The practice of analyzing large datasets to discover patterns and insights.

Information Architecture

The structural design of shared information environments.

Change Management

The approach to transitioning individuals, teams, and organizations to a desired future state.

Stakeholder Engagement

The process of involving individuals who may be affected by or can affect a proposed project.