Campbell Biology: AP Biology Chap 6 and 7 Flashcards

What is the simplest collection of matter that can be alive?

A Cell

Who discovered the cell wall in 1665?

Robert Hooke

What type of microscope focuses beams of electrons through the specimen to view organelles?

Electron Microscope

What type of microscope scans the surface of a specimen to study its topography?

Scanning Electron Microscope

What is an organelle?

membrane enclosed structures in eukaryotic structure

What are the 3 important parameters in microscopy?

1. Magnification

2. Resolution

3. Contrast

What type of microscopy sends visible light through specimen while the lenses refract light making specimen bigger?

Light microscopy

What type of microscopy studies the internal structure of cells by aiming electron beams through a thin section of specimen?

Transmission Electron Microscopy

What is cytology?

the study of cell structure

Compare/ Contrast Electron Microscopy and Light Microscopy

Electron Microscopy kills the specimen but it gets a better picture

Light Microscopy keeps the specimen alive but is not as good of a picture

What is cell fractionation and how is it done?

it is the separation of cell organelles

done by spinning the specimen

(slow=big parts, fast=little parts)

What is the difference/similarities of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Eukaryotes

-DNA in nucleus

-membrane inclosed

-bigger

Prokaryotes

-DNA in nucleoid

-Smaller

Both

-bounded by selective barrier

-DNA

-Ribosomes

-semifluid cytosol

What are the two types of cells?

1. Prokaryotes

2. Eukaryotes

Bacteria and Archaea are what type of cell?

Prokaryotic

Plants, Animals, protists, and fungi are what type of cell?

Eukaryotic

Why are eukaryotes bigger than prokaryotes?

Their membrane-bound organelles (like the nucleus, mitochondria, ER) allow for compartmentalization, separating complex functions and creating specialized internal environments, which isn't possible in simpler prokaryotes.