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What is the basic unit of life that all organisms are made of?
Cells
Who was the first to discover cells and in what year?
Robert Hooke in 1665
What are the three main points of the Cell Theory?
All organisms are composed of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms 3. Cells come only from pre-existing cells.
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are single-cell organisms without membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.
What are organelles?
Membrane structures in the cytoplasm that regulate the entrance and exit of molecules in the cell.
What theory explains the evolution of chloroplasts and mitochondria?
Endosymbiotic Theory.
What is the function of lysosomes in the cell?
Lysosomes digest macromolecules and cell parts.
What is the role of the mitochondria?
Mitochondria produce ATP (energy) for the cell.
What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do?
Produces proteins.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Packages and distributes molecules about or from the cell.
What are vacuoles and their functions in plant and animal cells?
Storage sacs that can contain water, waste, and nutrients; animals have few small vacuoles, plants have a large central vacuole.
What is selective permeability in relation to the plasma membrane?
It allows only certain substances to enter or exit the cell.
What is differece between exocytosis and endocytosis?
Exocytosis deposits substances outside the cell, while endocytosis brings substances into the cell.
How does the process of osmosis work?
Water moves from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.
Define hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions.
Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration outside the cell, hypotonic solutions have a higher concentration inside the cell, and isotonic solutions are equal inside and outside.
What are junction proteins?
Proteins that join cells together for a specific function.
What role do transport proteins play in membrane transport?
They facilitate the movement of molecules/ions across the membrane.
What is the Fluid Mosaic Model?
A model describing the cell membrane as a mosaic of various proteins embedded in a fluid phospholipid bilayer.
