D4

Dizziness treatment general principles?

1. Treat underlying cause. 2. Symptomatic relief: Vestibular suppressants, Antiemetics.

Dizziness medications vestibular suppressant classes?

Antihistamines (meclizine, betahistine, dimenhydrinate). Anticholinergics (scopolamine). Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam, clonazepam).

Dizziness antiemetic drug examples?

Granisetron, metoclopramide, meclizine.

Vestibular habituation exercise sitting protocol?

Look down → up (floor to ceiling). Repeat 10 times. Pause 30 sec between cycles. Repeat whole cycle 3 times.

Epley's maneuver step 1 and 2?

1. Sit upright. 2. Lie down with head turned to symptomatic side (30 sec).

Epley's maneuver step 3, 4, and 5?

3. Turn head to opposite side (30 sec). 4. Roll onto side with head facing down (30 sec). 5. Return to sitting position (stay 30 sec).

Epley's maneuver repetition and mechanism?

Repeat 2–3 times. Moves otoliths to non-sensitive areas.

BPPV condition-specific management?

Epley’s & Semont maneuvers – repositioning otoliths. Vestibular suppressants if severe.

Meniere's disease medical and dietary management?

Low-salt diet, Diuretics, Vestibular suppressants.

Meniere's disease refractory management?

Surgical decompression (if refractory).

Labyrinthitis / Vestibular Neuronitis core management?

Vestibular suppressants, Antiemetics, Vestibular habituation exercises.

Labyrinthitis / Vestibular Neuronitis adjunctive medication role?

Gabapentin: reduces nystagmus and stabilizes visual fields.