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Decembrist Revolution

An unsuccessful uprising on December 26, 1825, led by Russian military officers and nobles aimed at establishing a constitutional monarchy.

Robert Owen

A British Utopian socialist and successful industrial businessman who advocated for reforms and created a community in New Lanark with fair wages and good worker conditions.

Cottage Industry

An industry where goods were produced in the private homes of peasants, primarily in textiles, which was labor-intensive and paid per item made.

Romanticism

A major European movement (1790–1830) emphasizing passion and emotion in art, music, and writings, influenced by Enlightenment and Revolutions.

Scientific Socialism

Also known as Marxism, it is a method of analyzing society and history through historical materialism.

Crystal Palace

A building made of iron and glass where the 1852 Great Exhibition was held, showcasing Britain's industrial achievements.

William Wilberforce

A leading abolitionist in Britain, known for leading a 30-year campaign against slavery.

Communist Manifesto

A political work by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels explaining the ideology of communism and influencing political revolutions for over a century.

Revolts in Greece

Greek uprising against Ottoman rule, leading to independence supported by France, Britain, and Russia.

Ottoman Empire/Sick Man of Europe

A term referring to the declining state of the Ottoman Empire and its wars with Russia, leading to foreign intervention in Greece's independence.