PSYC 1200 Ch 16 Terms

psychotherapy

interaction between a socially sanctioned clinician and someone suffering from a psychological problem, with the goal of providing support or relief from the problem

Biomedical therapy

uses drugs or other procedures that act on the patient’s physiology, treating his or her psychological disorders

eclectic psychotherapy

form of psychotherapy that involves drawing on techniques from different forms of therapy, depending on the client and the problem

psychodynamic psychotherapies

explore childhood events and encourage individuals to use the understanding gained from the exploration to develop insight into their psychological problems

insight

Free association, dream analysis, interpretation, analysis of resistance

psychoanalysis

Assumes that humans are born with aggressive and sexual urges that are repressed during childhood by use of defense mechanisms, by Freud

interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)

form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients improve current relationships, Focus on grief, role disputes, role transitions, interpersonal deficits

Carl Jung

emphasized the collective unconscious, Freud’s student

Alfred Adler

linked emotional conflict to perceptions of inferiority, Freud’s student

Melanie Klein

believed primitive fantasies of loss and persecution may underlie mental illness, Freud’s student

Karen Horney

emphasized the differences between men and women in society and culture

person-centred therapy (or client-centred therapy)

assumes that all individuals have a tendency towards growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance by genuine reactions from the therapist, by Carl Rogers

Humanistic and existential therapies

Assume that human nature is generally positive and emphasize the natural tendency to strive for personal improvement

gestalt therapy

has the goal of helping the client become aware of their thoughts, behaviours, experiences, and feelings and to “own” or take responsibility for them

behaviour therapy

disordered behaviour is learned and that symptom relief is achieved through changing maladaptive behaviours into more constructive behaviours

token economy

involves giving clients “tokens” for desired behaviours that they can later trade for rewards

exposure therapy

approach to treatment of the client that involves confronting an emotion-arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, ultimately leading to a decrease in the emotional response

cognitive therapy

focuses on helping a client identify and correct any distorted thinking about self, others, or the world

cognitive restructuring

teaches clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace negative thinking with more realistic and positive beliefs

mindfulness meditation

teaches an individual to be fully present in each moment; to be aware of their thoughts, feelings, and sensations; and to detect symptoms before they become a problem

cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

problem-focused, meaning that it is undertaken for specific problems, action-oriented, meaning that the therapist tries to assist the client in selecting specific strategies that could help address those problems

group therapy

type of therapy in which multiple participants (who often do not know one another at the outset) work on their individual problems in a group atmosphere

antipsychotic drugs

treat schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders

psychopharmacology

study of drug effects on psychological states and symptoms

antianxiety medications

drugs that help reduce a person’s experience of fear or anxiety

Mood stabilizers

used to treat bipolar disorder; used to suppress swings between mania and depression

antidepressants

a class of drugs that help lift people’s moods

phototherapy

therapy that involves repeated exposure to bright light

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

treatment that involves inducing a brief seizure by delivering an electrical shock to the brain

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

treatment that involves placing a powerful pulsed magnet over a person’s scalp to alter neuronal activity in the brain

psychosurgery

surgical destruction of specific brain areas

placebo

inert substance or procedure that has been applied with the expectation that it will produce a healing response

Natural improvement

Tendency of symptoms to return to their mean or average level

Reconstructive memory

When the client’s motivation to get well causes errors in memory for the original symptoms

Outcome studies

designed to see whether treatment works (often in comparison to another treatment or control)

Process studies

are designed to answer questions why a treatment works or under what conditions

iatrogenic illness

disorder or symptom that occurs as a result of a medical or psychotherapeutic treatment itself