Biological macromolecules summary table
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28 Terms
What constitutes lipids?
Fats, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes
Fat’s monomer
glycerol + 3 fatty acids
phospholipids’ monomer
glycerol + 2 fatty acids + polar head group (contains phosphate)
What are steroids’ monomer?
3 C6 rings (ABC) + 1 C5 ring (D)
What are waxes’ monomer?
long chain fatty acid + long chain fatty alcohol
What is fats’ bond type?
ester (a)
What are phospholipids’ bond type?
ester (b)
what are steroids’ bond type?
covalent (no special name)
what are waxes bond type?
ester (d)
What is the use of fats in cells?
energy/energy storage
what is the use of phospholipids in cells?
components of cell membranes
What is the use of steroids in cells?
membrane fluidity in eukaryotes
hormones in vertebrates
What is the use of waxes in cells?
protection
energy storage in marine microbes
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides (sugars)
what is the bond type in carbohydrates?
glycosidic (ether)
what is the use of carbohydrates in cells?
energy/energy storage
structures (e.g., peptidoglycan)
What is the monomer of proteins?
amino acids
what is the bond type of proteins
peptide
What is the use of proteins in cells
catalysis
defense/offense
signaling
structure (e.g., flagellin for prokaryotic flagella)
transport (e.g., membrane proteins)
What constitutes nucleic acids?
DNA, RNA
What is the monomer of DNA
deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates
What is the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates
dNTP
What is the monomer of RNA
ribonucleotide triphosphates (rNTP)
what is the abbreviation of ribonucleotide triphosphate
rNTP
What is the bond type of rNTP and dNTP
phosphodiester
What is the use of DNA in cells
Long-term information storage (molecule of heredity)
What is the use of RNA in cells
short-term information storage
(e.g., mRNA is DNA’s “mouthpiece”; contains instructions for making protein)
Do lipids have regular monomers, if not what do they have
Lipids do not have regular monomers; they have components