CJ 220

Law enforcement Midterm

Bill of Rights

 The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution are collectively known as ______.

Predatory or “street crimes”

The police are primarily concerned with stopping which type of crime?

sworn officers

Who has the authority to make arrests and to legitimately use force?

USA Patriot Act

Which piece of legislation gave the government new powers in collecting information on citizens?

ends

 ______ are the goals police hope to achieve

Illegal searches of criminal; falsifying reports; perjury

Which of the following is an example of using illegal means to achieve “good ends?”

morality

An individual’s internal sense of proper conduct, or what is right is called ______.

ethical standards

______ influence(s) discretionary decisions made by police officers while performing their duties.

means

______ are the methods employed by police when pursuing their goals.

bad

The media tend to focus on ______ police behavior.

dirty means

Illegal or unethical means are referred to as

enforcement of best practices

The best method of evaluating police performance is ______

discretion

When officers use their own judgment in making decisions about how to handle a situation, it is called ______.

research

______ involves the systematic collection and analysis of data

Ticketing or warning a speeding motorist

Which of the following is an example of a discretionary decision for police?

decrease

Recent research indicates that wearing body cameras has had what effect on the number of incidents in which police use force?

use of force

______ is unique to policing and separates it from all other occupations

constables

The first appointed law enforcement officials in Colonial America were called ______

posse

During the settlement of the American West, a group of armed male citizens that could be summoned by the sheriff to apprehend criminals or deal with other violent threats was called ______

Boston

The first police department in the United States was created in ______

Thirteenth

The ______ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution abolished slavery

black codes

Following the Civil War, southern states implemented ______, which limited the rights of Black citizen’s.

London Metropolitan Police Department

This law enforcement agency served as the model from which American police departments were built in the mid-1800s

local

During the mid-1800s, most police agencies in the United States operated at the ______ level

police matrons

In the late 1800s, the first women hired by U.S. police departments were called ______

Civil Rights Act of 1875

After the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the ______ was unconstitutional, the number of Black police officers dropped substantially.

political

During this era of policing, corruption was widespread, officers were poorly trained, and selection and promotion were tied to party affiliation

Bertillonage

This method of identification employed by police used 11 measurements to differentiate one person from another

detective

During the late 1800s, increasing crime rates led to the creation of specialized police officers who were familiar with criminals and their tactics, called ______

witness fee

Compensation for providing testimony in court is called ______

dragnet

This investigative tactic employed by police involved “rounding up the usual suspects.”

third degree

The practice of using force against suspects during interrogation in order to get them to disclose information is called ______

Pennsylvania

The first state-level police agency was created in 1905 in ______

August Vollmer

 Berkley, California Police Chief ______, was responsible for a number of significant advancements in policing, including putting two-way radios in police cars, developing the first crime laboratory at a police department, and creating the first criminology program at an American university.

call boxes

The introduction of ______ represented a first attempt to control and improve the police during the political era of policing

local

When police departments were first formed in the United States in the mid-1800s, they were designed to be controlled by what level of government?

Max Weber

Sociologist whose principles of bureaucracy heavily influenced the structure and management of police departments in the United States.

division of labor

The principle that no one person or office is responsible for all of the work of an organization is called ______

specialization

______ allows for the development of expertise and efficiency

monopoly

A company, or provider of services, that does not have competitors is called ______

University PD; Wildlife; Transit

Which of the following is an example of a special jurisdiction law enforcement agency?

Highway Patrol; State Police; Department of Public Safety

Which of the following is an example of state level law enforcement agency?

Tuscaloosa City PD

Which of the following is an example of a local law enforcement agency?

Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act/ Campus Security Act

The ______ requires institutions of higher learning that participate in federal financial aid programs to keep and disclose information about crime on and near their campus.

local departments

The majority of full-time sworn officers are employed by ______.

County Sheriff’s Departments

These law enforcement agencies have the largest representation of civilian employees

Wisconsin, Florida, Georgia, Alaska, California

States that have a highway patrol agency ______

Department of Justice

The primary federal law enforcement agencies are located in the Department of Homeland Security and ______

Sheriff’s Departments

This type of law enforcement agency is responsible for enforcing laws on county land, and in towns and villages that do not have their own police departments

State and Interstate roads and highways

 State highway patrol agencies jurisdiction is limited to ______

gatekeepers

 Because they determine who comes into the system and who stays out, the police are often described as ______ of the criminal justice system.

implement

 Another way of saying that the police enforce the law is saying that they _____ the law

predatory offenses

Which of the following offenses is most likely to result in an officer enforcing the law?

discretion

The ability of police officers to use their own judgment to determine the appropriate course of action to take in any given situation is called ______

Stop, Question, Frisk (SFQs)

______ is an example of a crime control technique employed by police

no

The police have ______ control over the conditions associated with criminal behavior

deterrence

There are two approaches to crime control, incapacitation and ______

Law enforcement, order maintenance, public service

The three primary responsibilities of the police include

service

Performing well-checks on elderly citizens is an example of which primary police responsibility?

order maintenance

Providing a security presence at public demonstrations or protests is an example of which primary police responsibility?

law enforcement

Conducting undercover operation into drug trafficking is an example of which primary police responsibility?

watchman

Order maintenance is the top priority in police departments that utilize the ______ style of policing.

recruitment

1. ______ is the process of creating a pool of qualified candidates from which to hire police officers.

Would be interested in working in that particular police department that is recruiting them

 The goal of recruitment is to create a pool of applicants that includes the best and most diverse individuals that would be well suited for a career in law enforcement and ______.

Motivation for becoming a police officer

In order to emphasize the “selling points” of their department, it is critical that recruiters are aware of candidates’ ______.

personal contacts and referrals

The three most commonly used recruitment methods utilized by police departments are newspaper advertisements, intranet advertisements, and

$44,000

In 2013, the average base starting salary for local police officers was ______.

equal employment

______ protections are in place to minimize political considerations in the job-related process and to ensure government employees are recruited, hired, and promoted based on job qualifications and merit and demoted or dismissed only for cause.

felony conviction or serious infraction

 Police officers may be fired, most easily, for ______

lateral entry

When officers can move from one department to another and retain their position and seniority, it is known as ______

seniority

Most departments use ______ as the basis for job assignments and shift preferences.

GED

 The minimum education requirement in most requirements is ______

felony conviction

A ______ is generally a disqualifying factor for employment as a police officer

driving-related problems

About one half of all police agencies allow applicants with prior ______ use to be hired

noncompensatory process

With a(n) ______, a low score on an exam disqualifies an applicant from further consideration

12%

In 2014, approximately ______ of sworn officers were women.

selection

Police department failure to hire qualified female candidates is a ______ issue

27%

In 2013, approximately ______ of police officers were members of a racial or ethnic minority

vehicle patrol

______ is the most common method of police patrol

Beats, squad areas, sectors, reporting areas

A smaller patrol area within a larger command area is frequently called a ______

priority

Calls for service are categorized based on ______

Mobile Data Computer (MDC)

A(n) ______ is a computer that is mounted in a police vehicle that is connected wirelessly to the police department’s computer network and computer-aided dispatch system

Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD)

A(n) ______ system is a computer system and database that tracks calls for service as they are received, monitors the status of patrol units, and can provide various reports relating to calls for service, the activities of officers, and the calls to which officers respond

Ten-codes codes

______ offer(s) an abbreviated and standardized method of communication on police radios

911

The ______ was created in 1968 and is the national emergency phone number

differential police response

Handling calls for service by taking reports over the phone, over the Intranet, or via some method other than immediate response by a patrol car is called ______

pinball policing

When officers go from one call to the next for an entire shift, making it impossible for them to engage in any other productive activities, it is called ______

assigned time

When officers respond to calls for service while on patrol, it is called ______

involvement crimes

A crime where a victim or witness see the crime occurring is called a(n) ______

discovery crime

A crime that is only detected after it has occurred is called a(n) ______

Kansas City Preventative Patrol Experiment

The ______ found that increased preventative patrol had no impact on the amount of crime committed.

Hot-spot policing

Research suggests that the most effective way for police to reduce crime is through ______.

crackdown

 When police advertise that they will be on the highways in greater numbers to detect and arrest drunk drivers, it is an example of ______

traffic stops and Terry stops

Police stops come in two forms

Less likely to contact police for assistance or reporting

Research shows that citizens who experience more traffic stops are ______

reasonable suspicion

The level of proof needed to conduct a Terry stop is ______

criminal investigation

______ is the process of collecting crime-related information to reach certain goals

criminal evidence

______ consists of supposed facts and knowledge that relate to a particular crime or perpetrator

forensic science

 ______ broadly refers to the field of science that addresses legal questions

deterrence or incapacitation

The ultimate goal of the criminal investigation process is to reduce crime through either ______