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Spoils System

Jackson hired his friends and fired his enemies.

National Bank

Jackson thought the National Bank favored rich people and shut it down.

Pet Banks

State banks where Andrew Jackson placed deposits removed from the federal National Bank.(Inflation. Too many loans)

Indian Removal Act

Jackson wanted the Indians to move out of Georgia territory and created the Indian Removal Act. The Indians thought it was unfair and appealed to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court said that what Jackson was trying to do is unconstitutional but Jackson did it anyway.

Assimilation

Trying to make the Indians more like Americans.

Trail of Tears

Cherokee Indians sent on a 800 mile trip and more than 1/4 of them died.

Manifest Destiny

Belief that it was our destiny or fate to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific, taking over the entire continent of North America.

Louisiana Purchase

territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million

Mexican American War

Got land- California & New Mexico

Oregon Trail

a historical route to the western United States extending from various cities on the Missouri River to Oregon and the West coast. (Missionaries/Farmers & Mormans traveled on it)

Outcome of the Mexican American War

-Got the Rio Grande border-Gave Mexico $15 million for the territory-Gave Mexicans in the area freedom

Causes of the Mexican American War

-Mexico said if the U.S. let Texas=Act of war-Border dispute-Expanded slavery

Motives for Colonization

religious freedom, wanted the rights that were guaranteed in the constitution, and wanted better economy (more $$)

Deveolpment of Regions

North- Industry South- Farming

Self-Government

a system of government in which people make their own laws

Enlightenment

the age of reason

Mercantilism

get goods and make them into materials to sell (united states would send our food/products to england and they would make us buy it back).

Salutary Neglect

An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies??

French and Indian War

-Britain vs France for land (1754)-Native Americans fought with French-Britain Wins-Effects: War debts & proclamation of 1763

No Taxation Without Representation

claimed taxes were unjust, insisted only they or their elected reps had the right to pass taxes, parliament had no right ot tax them since they didnt elect reps, and they were willing to pay taxes only if their colonial legislatures passed them.

Stamp Act

Tax on all documents, etc.

Intolerable Act

Parliament passed these in response to the Boston Tea party to punish Massachusetts—shut down Boston harbor, forbid town meetings, tried customs officials in Britain or Canada, and reinstated the Quartering Act

Sugar Act

Put a tax on sugar, tea, coffee and wine.

Boycotting/Petitioning

acting together to refuse to use, deal with, or buy as an expression of protest

Monoroe Doctrine

Declaration by president Monroe in 1823, that the U.S. would appose efforts by any outside power to control a nation in the western hemisphere

Boston Tea Party

protest against increased tea prices in which colonists dumped british tea into boston harbor

Patriot

A person who supported the colonists during the American Revolution

Loyalist

A person who supported the British during the American Revolution

United States Strengths

Knowledge of territoryLeadership of WashingtonInspired/more passionate about the cause

United States Weaknesses

Soldiers untrained and undisciplinedShortage of food/ammoNo central government

Britains Strengths

Strong well trained armyAvailable fundsSupport of navies and loyalists

Britains Weaknesses

Too much distance between Britain and the battlefieldsUnfamiliar with the terrainWeak military leaders

Declaration of Independence

the document recording the independence of the colonies from Great Britain

Thomas Jefferson

Louisianna Purchase, Embargo Act (no war), Louis & Clark expedition, etc

Articles of Confederation

this document, the nations first constitution, was adopted by the second continental congress in 1781during the revolution. the document was limited because states held most of the power, and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage

Wilmot Proviso (1)

Wanted slavery banned from any territory gained from the Mexican-American War. This unfortunately never became a law.

Compromise Of 1850 (2)

California would come in as a free state. Utah and New Mexico practice popular sovereignty.

Kansas-Nebraska Act (3)

Popular Sovereignty. The people decide and vote on issues.

Bleeding Kansas (4)

-Enduring struggle for freedom.-People from both sides rushed to Kansas to vote on slavery.

Fugitive Slave ACT (5)

Tougher laws for runway slaves. Could be returned to slavery.

Uncle Tom's Cabin (6)

Harriett B. Stowe tells the story of the harsh realities of slavery.

Federalism

a system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

Harpers Ferry (8)

-John Brown= extreme abolitionist-Murdered 5 pro-slavery neighbors... tried to start a revolution

Violence In Senate (9)

-Abolitionist: Sumner Vs. Pro-Slavery: Brooks and Butler (S. Carolina)-Brooks attacks Sumner with a cane

Republican Party Forms (10)

-Opposed expansion of slavery into the territories-Abraham Lincoln was Republican

Elastic Clause

The part of the Constitution that permits Congress to make any laws "necessary and proper" to carrying out its powers

South Carolina Secedes (12)

"Secession Movement"Secedes=Leaves

Democratic Republicans

Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong state governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank.

Alexander Hamilton

1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.

Navigation Acts

Restrict Colonial Trade-Goods shipped on English/Colonial ships-Export some products only to England

Abolitionists

People who believed that slavery should be against the law

Growth of Slavery

states right issue: each state decided on slavery ; northern states out lawed slavery ; southern states allowed slavery

Townshend Acts

Taxes on glass, lead, paint and paper

Boston Massacre

5 colonists killed by British soldiers

Tea Act

Tax on imported tea

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

These documents drafted by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson claimed that the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the U.S. Constitution. These resolutions affirmed the principle of states' rights

1st Continental Congress-

-Result of Intolerable Acts-Declaration of Colonial Rights-If Britain uses force --> colonies fight back

Precedents of Washington

2 terms, created cabinet, Proclamation of Neutrality, term Mr. President, using force to enforce laws

Dred Scott Decision (7)

A slave wanted freedom after his owner died. Supreme court decided that Scott wasn't a citizen (he was property) and that the Missouri Compromise was illegal.

Underground Railroad

a system of secret routes used by escaping slaves to reach freedom in the North or in Canada

Radical Republicans

Political party that favored harsh punishment of Southern states after civil war

Popular Sovereignty

The concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government

Marbury v. Madision

Court case that resulted in Judicial Review, the right to declare something as unconstitutional.

State's Rights

South wanted states rights

Election of 1860

Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the Democratic party was split over slavery. As a result, the South no longer felt like it has a voice in politics and a number of states seceded from the Union.

Vicksburg (1863)

Took place in Mississippi. Ulysses S. Grant defeats conderates. UNION WIN.

Secession

the withdrawal of Southern states from the Union in 1860 which precipitated the American Civil War

Sherman's March to the Sea (1864)

Fought in the south. Grant decides to walk through the south and destroy everything in their path. Leaves the south in ruin. UNION WIN.

Who won the Civil War

UNION VICTORY

Battle of Bull Run (1861)

Fought in Manassas, Virginia. CONFEDERATE VICTORY.

Battle at Gettysburg (1863)

Fought in Pennsylvania. 3 days of fighting resulting in a huge blow to the conferderates (lost 28,000 men). UNION WIN.

Writ of Habeas Corpus

a court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person

Ulysses S. Grant

an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). The leading Union general in the American Civil War. Defeated Lee.

Robert E. Lee

Confederate general. Surrendered to Grant.

Constitutional Convention

The meeting of state delegates in 1787 in Philadelphia called to revise the Articles of Confederation. It instead designed a new plan of government, the US Constitution.

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free. Allowed African Americans to fight.

Abraham Lincoln

16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)

Lincoln's Inaugural Addresses

1st: All about the union, not a slavery issue. 2nd: Slaverys the clear issue

War of 1812

a war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France

Gettysburg Address

A 3 min address by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War (November 19, 1963) at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg

Appomattox Court House

the site of the surrender of Confederate leader Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant.

Copperheads

Northerners who wanted peace with the south.-Lincoln suspends Writ of Habeas Corpus.

Conscription

Military draft. Happened in both the north and south. You could buy your way out of the service.

Sectionalism

loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole

Antietam (1862)

Fought in Virginia. Bloodiest day in American History. UNION WIN.

Technological Advancements

Telegraph: machine invented by Samuel Morse in 1837Telephone: invented by Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas WatsonLight Bulb: invented by Thomas EdisonTypewriter: invented by Christopher SholesBessemer Process: machine that makes iron softer

Muckrakers

This term applies to newspaper reporters and other writers who pointed out the social problems of the era of big business. The term was first given to them by Theodore Roosevelt. (Sinclair-food sanitation, Hine-child labor, Riis-poverty)

Urbanization & The Issues That Followed

the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban. Growth of cities caused problems:-Crime-Housing (tenements were overcrowded and dangerous)-Transportation (high demand)-Sanitation (water and disease)

Veritcal Integration

You own all parts of the meat packing/selling process:-Raise cows (own farm)-Slaughter cows-Manufacture products (ground beef)-Own the trucks/trains to distribute

Horizontal Integration

You control one whole area of production.For example: Oscar Meyer --> Vienna --> Ball Park = Hot dog monopoly.

Sherman Antitrust Act

Tried to stop monopolies from happening. It failed and monopolies kept occuring (one person controlled one whole area of production)

Social Darwinism

-Charles Darwin~evolution-Natural selection "survival of the fittest"-Justifies actions~ allows them to do whatever they need to get ahead

Why did unions form

There were poor working conditions for little pay. So workers formed groups (UNIONS) to fight industry (AFL, Knights of Labor, IWW)

Angel Island & Ellis Island

AI: Western port of entry- Asain Immigrants hereEI: Eastern port of entry

Nativism

The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. Torturing the immigrants because native US citizens dont believe they deserve to be in the United States.

Immigration Process

All first class flyers (french, etc.) got through much easier.If you were sick, weak, had a broken bone, didnt answer the questions asked correctly, etc you would be forced back to the country you came from.

Chinese Exclusion Act

This act prevented the immigration of chinese laborers into the United States.

Jane Addams

the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes.

Ashcan Art

Artists focused on urban scenes, particularly those exposing the shabbier aspects of city life. Their intent, however, was not muckraking social commentary but the portrayal of urban vitality.

Teddy Roosevelt

-Became President after McKinley was assassinated.-War Hero-Trust Buster-Helped striking coal miners (precedent of federal help)-Helped the environment*First President that wanted to help the workers, not the owners*