Hemostasis, Surgical Bleeding, and Transfusion

Flashcards about Hemostasis, Surgical Bleeding, and Transfusion

What is Hemostasis?

A complex process whose function is to limit blood loss from an injured vessel.

What are the four major physiologic events that participate in hemostatic process?

Vascular constriction, platelet plug formation, fibrin formation, and fibrinolysis.

What is vascular constriction linked to?

Vasoconstriction is subsequently linked to platelet plug formation.

What effects does Thromboxane A2 have?

TXA2 has potent vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation effects.

What percentage of platelets are sequestered in the spleen?

Up to 30% of circulating platelets may be sequestered in the spleen.

What role do platelets play in hemostasis?

Platelets play an integral role in hemostasis by forming a hemostatic plug and by contributing to thrombin formation.

What does Von Willebrand Factor bind to?

vWF binds to glycoprotein (GP) I/IX/V on the platelet membrane.

What are the principal mediators in platelet aggregation?

ADP and serotonin are the principal mediators in platelet aggregation.

What inhibits platelet cyclooxygenase irreversibly?

Platelet cyclooxygenase is irreversibly inhibited by aspirin.

How long should platelet-affecting drugs be stopped before an elective procedure?

Approximately 5 to 7 days should pass from the time the drug is stopped until an elective procedure is performed.

In HIT, when does the platelet count typically begin to fall after heparin?

The platelet count typically begins to fall 5 to 7 days after heparin has been started.

How is coagulopathy caused by liver disease treated?

Treatment of coagulopathy caused by liver disease is usually done with FFP.

What does TIC stand for?

Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy

What were traditional resuscitation algorithms based on?

Traditional resuscitation algorithms were sequentially based on crystalloid followed by red blood cells and then plasma and platelet transfusions.

What does DCR stand for?

Damage control resuscitation

What are most common coagulation abnormalities associated with liver dysfunction?

The most common coagulation abnormalities associated with liver dysfunction are thrombocytopenia and impaired humoral coagulation function manifested as prolongation of the prothrombin time and international normalized ratio (INR).

What does “ABCD” in trauma resuscitation stand for?

ABCD (Airway, Breathing, Circulation, and Disability).

Define Febrile, nonhemolytic reactions.

Febrile, nonhemolytic reactions are defined as an increase in temperature (>1°C) associated with a transfusion.