ITC: Computing History

01, 02, 03

to calculate?

Compute

what is an electronic device that can perform arithmetic operations at high speed?

Computer

what is a computer also called since it can store, process, and retrieve data?

Data Processor

what is the process of data processing?

data > capture data > manipulate data > output results > information

what are the characteristics of computers? (SAMVA)

Speed, Accuracy, Memory, Versatility, Automation

what is the brain of the computer, responsible for executing instructions?

Central Processing Unit

what stores data and instructions for the CPU to access?

Memory

what stores data persistently, even when computer is turned off?

Storage

what allows interactions with the computer such as keyboard, mouse, monitor?

Input Output devices

what are powerful computers for general use?

Desktop computers

what are portable computers with integrated keyboard and display?

Laptops

what computers are designed to provide services to other computers?

Servers

what are extremely powerful computers used for complex calculations and simulations

Supercomputers

what computer network connects computers within a limited area?

Local Area Network

what computer network connects computers across a large geographic area?

Wide Area Network

what computer network connects computers within a city or metropolitan area?

Metropolitan Area Network

what manages computer hardware and software resources?

Operating Systems

what performs specific tasks for users?

Application Software

what is used to create software?

Programming Languages

who is the “father of computer”?

Charles Babbage

what did Babbage envision and design?

Difference Engine, Analytical Engine

who is known as the world’s first computer programmer that wrote the first algorithm?

Ada Lovelace

who’s work in theoretical computation and cryptography helped in cracking the Enigma Code during WWII?

Alan Turing

he contributed to computer architecture and the stored-program concept

John von Neumann

who were the two engineers who collaborated to create ENIAC?

John Mauchly & J, Presper Eckert

who is credited with developing the first compiler and popularized the term “debugging”?

Grace Hopper

who invented the WWW, HTTP, HTML, and the first web browser?

Tim Berners-Lee

who is best known for creating the C programming language and his work on the development of the Unix OS?

Dennis Ritchie

who were the cofounders of Microsoft and developed the Windows OS?

Bill Gates & Paul Allen

who were the cofounders of Apple?

Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak

what is the early analog computer used primarily for multiplication and division?

Slide Ruler

who invented Slide Rulers?

William Oughtred

what mechanical calculator performed addition and subtraction but was too expensive so it didn’t become a commercial device?

Pascaline

who invented the Pascaline?

Blaise Pascal

what were large charts showing the results of calculations and were created by people called ‘computers’?

Mathematical Tables

what is the first mechanical computer?

Difference Engine

how did the difference engine operate?

compiled mathematical tables

what are stiff paper that holds commands that are indicated by holes

Punch Cards

who created the company IBM?

Herman Hollerith

what 1st gen computer was an electro-mechanical computer that could store 72 numbers and produce mathematical tables?

Harvard Mark 1

who created Harvard Mark 1?

Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper

what was used to project the 1952 presidential election, made by the same people who made ENIAC?

UNIVAC

where was transistors invented?

Bell laboratories

what was the IBM 1400?

general purpose system