Anatomy Lecture Notes Flashcards

Flashcards for review.

Dorsal

Towards the top of the page, posterior.

Ventral

Towards the bottom of the page, anterior.

Afferent

Sensory; arriving in the central nervous system.

Efferent

Motor; exiting, sending out signals to the rest of the body.

Ventral Horn

Contains cell bodies of motor neurons within the gray matter.

Dorsal Ramus

Innervates muscles of the deep back.

Ventral Ramus

Innervates the Limbs, trunk region, pretty much everything else that is not the deep back.

Dorsal Root Ganglion

Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons.

Interneurons

Neurons within the central nervous system that communicate within the system itself.

Posterior Median Sulcus

Tiny posterior indent in dorsal spinal cord.

Anterior median fissure

Deeper anterior indent in spinal cord.

Central Canal

Opening in spinal cord that contains CSF.

Gray Matter

Cell bodies and unmyelinated axons.

White Matter

Myelinated axons; carries information quickly up/down the brain in tracts.

Postcentral Gyrus

Receives and interprets sensory information; located in the parietal lobe.

Precentral Gyrus

Motor cortex; located in the frontal lobe.

Middle Cerebral Artery

Supplies blood to the lateral surface of the brain, including areas for face and upper limb sensation and motor control.

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Supplies blood to the medial and superior portions of the frontal and parietal lobes, including areas for lower limb and back sensation and motor control.

Posterior Cerebral Artery

Supplies blood to the occipital lobe and inferior portions of the temporal lobe.

Facial Nerve

Cranial nerve VII; provides motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression.

Branches of the Facial Nerve

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical.

Frontalis

Muscle on the frontal bone; its action is to raise the eyebrows or wrinkle the forehead.

Occipitalis

Muscle on the occipital bone; its action is to draw the scalp posteriorly.

Orbicularis Oculi

Muscle orbiting the eye; its action is to close, pinch shut, or wink the eye.

Orbicularis Oris

Muscle orbiting the mouth; its action is to close and protrude the lips.

Buccinator

Muscle of the cheek area; presses the cheek in towards the teeth.

Platysma

Muscle spreading out over the neck region; tenses the skin of the neck and lowers the inferior part of the lip.

Mandibular Division of the Trigeminal Nerve

Cranial nerve V3; innervates the muscles of mastication.

Muscles of Mastication

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid.

Temporalis

Elevates and retracts the mandible.

Masseter

Elevates the mandible.

Lateral Pterygoid

Protrudes the mandible, depresses the jaw slightly, moves the mandible side to side.

Medial Pterygoid

Elevates the jaw, helps to protrude and move the mandible side to side.

Accessory Nerve

Cranial nerve XI; innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.

Trapezius

Elevates, retracts, and depresses the scapula.

Sternocleidomastoid

Flexes the neck anteriorly and turns the head to the opposite side.

Suprahyoid Muscles

Located superior to the hyoid bone; depresses the mandible or raises the hyoid bone.

Infrahyoid Muscles

Located inferior to the hyoid bone; stabilizes or lowers the hyoid bone.

Internal Carotid Artery

Brings blood to the anterior portion of the brain.

Vertebral Artery

Brings blood to the posterior side of the brain.

External Jugular Vein

Drains the face and neck.

Internal Jugular Vein

Drains blood from the brain.