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What are chromosomes?
an organized segment of DNA and proteins
Difference between sister chromatid and homologous pair
A sister chromatid is an identical copy of a chromosome created during DNA replication where homologous pair refers to two chromosomes that are similar but not identical, with one chromosome coming from the mother and the other from the father
How many chromosomes in humans?
46 chromosomes which are organized into 23 pairs
What comes first as mitosis starts
Interphase
First phase of mitosis after interphase (pmat)
prophase
What is mitosis for?
growth and development
what is mieosis for?
reproduction
What is a gene?
Genes are sequences on the chromosome that code for specific proteins.
What are alleles?
different variations of a gene
Genotype
genetic makeup of an individual (Aa,aa,AA)
Phenotype
Physical traits of an individual (determined by genotype)
complete dominance genotype
DD
Incomplete dominance
Dd
homozygous pair genotype
HH or hh
heterozygous pair genotype
Hh
population
Individuals of same species that interact
mutation
only thing that can create new genes and thus new traits
genetic recombination
the gene mixing when fertilization occurs
artificial selection
an example is humans select traits to suit their needs or desires and breed those individuals to reinforce those traits
biological species concept
Different species cannot produce fertile offspring
genetic drift
changes allele frequency in a population, Unlike selection: completely random
