population

ccc 2nd year geography

what is birth rate

the number of live births per thousand of the population in one year

if birth is higher then date rat5e there is a natural increase

what is death rate

the number of deaths per thousand of the population in one year

when the death rate is higher then the birth rate a natural decrease will occur

the population cycle

demographic transition model

stage 1 of demographic transition model

high fluctuating

birth and death rates high

not economically developed

population grows very slowly

e.g. none at the moment

stage 2 of demographic transition model

early expanding

birth rates high

death rates fall

economy starting to grow

population grows quickly

e.g. nigeria

stage 3 of demographic transition model

late expanding

birth rate falls

death and birth rate gap becomes smaller

economy growing

population grows quickly

e.g. India

stage 4 of demographic transition model

low fluctuating

both birth and death rates low

economy is developed

population increases slowly

e.g. Ireland

stage 5 of the demographic transition model

natural decrease

low death and birth rates

population is in decline

economy is very well developed

e.g. germany

factors influencing population change

war

health

food

place of women in society

war

• lots of people die

• familys are split leading to less people being born

• when a war is over and soliders return home birth rates increase

health

• vaccines and antibiotics have helped many people survive once fatal illnesses

• more access to doctors has helped people who are sick

• death rates decline → population increases

food

• machinery and farming methods → farmers can produce more food

• fertilisers improved crop production

• increases in food supply → fewer famines → higher population

place of women in society

• equality between men and women → making decisions about own life

• women have careers and are having less kids

• women are have no job and are married off young have more kids

types of population structures

expansive

stationary

constrictive

expansive

young and growing

looks like triangle

slowly developing countries

e.g. Nigeria

stationary

not growing

high life expectancy and low birth rate

narrow at top

developed countries

e.g. Ireland

constrictive

becoming old and shrinking pop.

low birth rate

beehive look

developed countries

e.g. Germany

ireland population history

1841 republic of ireland pop. is 6.5 million

the famine ment 1 million died and 1 million emigrated

ireland pop. after famine

people left ireland for US, britian and canada

mainly young females left

had an impact on marriage and birth rates

irelands current population

developed country

pop. is growing slowly

stationary shaped pyramid

2022 = 5.1 million

future for irelands population

5.1 million in 2030

largest increase in dublin an mid east

nigeria pop. history

located in west africa

colony of british empire till 1960

up to laate 1700s active slave trade operating from there

nigeria modern era

less then 40 million

rapid and large po. increase in last 60 years

factors influencing pop. change in Nigeria

RELIGION

islam promotes large families and encourages early marriages and encourage ploygamy where a man take smore then 1 wife

MALE CHILD PREFERENCE

in many cultures in Nigeria male children are more highly valued then females

HIGH INFANT MORTALITY

ther is a need to have many babies in the hope that some will survive to work on the farm, support parents in old age and provide an income for the family