Functional Anatomy- Oral exam 2

What is the Green highlighted joint called?

Sternoclavicular Joint

What are the articulations of the sternoclavicular Joint?

Articulation between the……

1) sternal end of the clavicle

2) manubrium of the sternum

3) cartilage of the first rib.

What is the Green highlighted joint called?

Sternoclavicular Joint

What are the articulations of the sternoclavicular Joint?

Articulation between the……

1) sternal end of the clavicle

2) manubrium of the sternum

3) cartilage of the first rib.

What kind of synovial joint is the sternoclavicular?

Synovial Gliding Joint (planar)

• No axis of rotation

• (permits limited sliding between bones)

What are the movements of the sternoclavicular joints?

1. Sagittal plane - anterior and posterior rotation

   shoulder flexion (forward) - clavicle rotates posteriorly

   Shoulder flexion (backwards) - clavicle rotates anteriorly

2. Frontal plane - upward and downward elevation (elevation and depression)

   shrugging shoulders up= elevation

   shrugging shoulder down= depression

3. Transverse plane - abduction and adduction

   Abduction= Protracting the scapula like you’re leaning in for a hug

   Adduction= Retracting the scapula, like you are squeezing your shoulder blades together behind you

What is the Green highlighted joint called?

Acromioclavicular Joint

What are the articulations of the acromioclavicular Joint?

Articulation between the

1) acromial end of the clavicle

2) acromion process

What kind of synovial Joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

Synovial Gliding Joint (planar)

• No axis of rotation (limited sliding)

What are the movements of the acromioclavicular joints?

Sliding and gliding

What is the Green highlighted joint called?

Glenohumeral Joint

What are the articulations of the Glenohumeral Joint?

Articulation between……

1) glenoid fossa of the scapula

2) head of the humerus

What kind of Synovial Joint is the Glenohumeral?

Synovial Ball and Socket Joint

What are the movements of the glenohumeral joint?

1. Sagittal plane - flexion and extension

   (arm straight in front of you (flexion) & arm straight beside you (anatomical position) (extension))

2. Frontal plane- Abduction & Adduction

   (lifting arm laterally (sideways) (abduction) & lowering arm back to the body (adduction))

3. Transverse plane- Internal & external rotation

   (moving arm at a 90-degree angle towards the body/stomach (adduction or internal rotation) & moving arm at 90-degrees away from the body (abduction or external rotation)

What joint is located between the SPACE that is above the radius head and the humerus and in between the ulna and humerus called? (THE ELBOW)

Humeroradial and Humeroulnar joint

What are the articulations of the Humeroradial joint?

capitulum of humerus & head of radius

What are the articulations of the Humeroulnar joint?

trochlea of humerus & trochlear notch of ulna

What kind of Synovial Joint is the Humeroradial and Humeroulnar Joint?

Synovial Hinge Joint

• Uniaxial

What are the movements of the Humeroradial and Humeroulnar Joint?

Sagittal- flexion and extension

Humeroradial - moving radius closer to the humerus (bending the elbow)

Humeroulnar- moving the ulna closer to the humerus (bending the elbow)

What Joint is the purple arrow pointing to?

Radiocarpal Joint

What are the articulations of the Radiocarpal Joint? “Wrist Joint”

Articulation between……..

1) distal end of radius
2) scaphoid or lunate

What kind of Synovial Joint is the radiocarpal joint? “Wrist Joint”

Synovial Condyloid Joint

• Biaxial

Its a condyloid joint because it has a convex surface fitting into a concave surface

concave - caves in- like a spoon (distal end of radius)

convex - buldges outwards- like a ball (row of carpal bones (scaphoid or lunate))

What are the movements of the Radiocarpal Joint? “Wrist Joint”

Sagittal - flexion & extension

Frontal - radial & ulnar deviation

What joint is the Arrow pointing at called?

Carpometacarpal Joint

What are the articulations of the Carpometacarpal Joint?

Articulation between……

1) carpal bones

2) metacarpal bones of the hand

• Five articulations in each hand- one for each
digit,

What kind of Synovial Joint is Digital 1 & Digital 2-5 in the Carpometacarpal joint?

• Digit 1 (pollex) (thumb) - Synovial Saddle

  Biaxial

• Digits 2-5- Synovial Gliding

  No axis of rotation

What are the movements of the Carpometacarpal Joint (Digits 1-5)?

Digit 1 (thumb)- important for opposition

other movements: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction

The rest of the 4 digits work together to increase ROM medially

Digit 2-3: largely immobile

Digit 4: some movement

Digit 5: highly moveable

other movements: abduction and adduction/ flexion and extension

What are the ORANGE joints highlighted on the fingers called?

Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIP) (Enter-fuh-lan-Gee-ul)

What are the articulations of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIP)?

articulation between……

• The head of the proximal phalanx & the base of the middle phalanx (fay-lankz)

What are the BLUE joints highlighted on the fingers called?

Distal Interphalangeal Joint (DIP) (Enter-fuh-lan-Gee-ul)

What are the articulations of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint (DIP)?

articulation between…….

• The head of the middle phalanx & the base of the of the distal phalanx (fay-lankz)

What kind of Synovial Joint is Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIP) and Distal Interphalangeal Joint (DIP)?

Synovial Hinge Joint

• Uniaxial

What are the movements of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIP) and Distal Interphalangeal Joint (DIP)?

• Sagittal - Flexion & extension

What is the highlighted joint called?

Metacarpophalangeal Joint (MCP) “knuckle joint” (meta-carpo-fuh-lan-G-ul)

What are the articulations of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint (MCP) “knuckle joint”?

Articulation between……..

1) metacarpal head and
2) base of proximal phalanx (fay-lanks)

• Five articulations in each hand- one for each
digit

What kind of Synovial Joint is the Metacarpophalangeal Joint (MCP) “knuckle joint”?

Synovial Condyloid Joint

• Biaxial

What are the movements of the Metacarpophalangeal Joint (MCP) “knuckle joint”?

• Sagittal - flexion & extension

Fingers flexing towards the palms and stretching finger (extension)

• Frontal - abduction & adduction

Fingers spreading apart (abduction) & fingers together (adduction)

What is the Green highlighted Joint called?

Intercarpal Joint

(point to the bottom of the palm)

What are the articulations of the intercarpal joint?

Articulations between the carpals

What kind of Synovial Joint is the intercarpal joint?

Synovial gliding Joint

What are the movements of the intercarpal joint?

sliding and gliding

(he said in class to say this)

What is the arrow/circled joint near the elbow called?

Proximal Radioulnar Joint (near elbow)

What are the articulations of the Proximal Radioulnar Joint (near elbow)?

• Head of the radius and radial notch of the ulna

• Head of the radius is held in position by the
  annular ligament

What is the arrow/circled joint near the wrist called?

Distal Radioulnar Joint (near wrist)

What are the articulations of the Distal Radioulnar Joint (near wrist)?

• The ulnar notch of the radius and ulnar head

• The articular disc binds the radius and ulna
  together

What kind of Synovial Joint is the Proximal Radioulnar Joint (near elbow) and the Distal Radioulnar Joint (near wrist)?

Synovial Pivot Joint

• Uniaxial Joint

What are the movements of the Proximal Radioulnar Joint (near elbow) and the Distal Radioulnar Joint (near wrist)?

Transverse - pronation and supination

pronation: palms facing down

supination: palms facing up

LOWER EXTREMITIES

GOOD LUCK!

What are the two GREEN highlighted joints called?

Sacroiliac Joint (say-crow-ill-E-ack)

What are the articulations of the Sacroiliac Joint?

Articulation between the…..

1) Ilium of the pelvis, and

2) sacrum of vertebral column.

What kind of Synovial Joint is the Sacroiliac Joint?

Synovial Gliding Joint

• No axis of rotation

What are the movements of the Sacroiliac Joint?

sliding and gliding

• The primary purpose is to transmit
  forces from the lower limb to the vertebral
  column, so it is very stable.

What is the GREEN highlighted joint called?

Acetabulofemoral Joint “hip joint” (ass-uh-tah-bah-lo-fem-or-ul)

• fun fact: most stable joint due to the cartilage

What are the articulations of the Acetabulofemoral Joint “hip joint”?

Articulation between the…..

1) acetabulum of the pelvis and the

2) head of femur

What kind of Synovial Joint is the Acetabulofemoral Joint “hip joint”?

Synovial Ball & Socket

• Triaxial

What are the movements of the Acetabulofemoral Joint “hip joint”?

• Sagittal- flexion & extension

  raising the leg forward (hip) like you're kicking a ball without bending the knee (flexion) and putting the leg back in anatomical position (extension)

• Frontal- abduction & adduction

  Moving the leg away from the midline/laterally (abduction) and moving the leg towards the midline/ medially (adduction)

• Transverse- internal & external rotation
  Turning foot inward (internal rotation) & turning foot outward (external rotation) of hip

  A strong and stable joint with good mobility.

What is the BLUE highlighted Joint called?

Tibiofemoral Joint

What are the articulations of the Tibiofemoral Joint?

Articulation between the……

1) medial & lateral condyles of the femur and the

2) tibial plateau

What kind of Synovial Joint is the Tibiofemoral Joint?

Synovial Hinge Joint

• Uniaxial

What are the movements of the Tibiofemoral Joint?

• Sagittal- flexion & extension

  Leg bends backward at knee (flexion) and when the leg is in anatomical position/ straight leg (extension)

  
  *it will allow some medial & lateral rotation when flexed.
  

  The tibiofemoral joint is the largest joint in
  the body.
  

What is the GREEN highlighted Joint called?

Talocrural Joint (tah-low-cruel) “ANKLE JOINT”

What are the articulations of the Talocrural Joint? “ankle Joint”

1) ankle mortise (distal tibia and fibula)

2) dome of talus

What kind of Synovial Joint is the Talocrural Joint? “ankle Joint”

Synovial Hinge Joint

• Uniaxial

What are the movements of the Talocrural Joint? “ankle Joint”

Sagittal- Plantar flexion & Dorsiflexion

• The ankle

What is the GREEN highlighted Joint called?

Subtalar Joint (sub-tah-ler)

What are the articulations of the Subtalar Joints?

Articulation between the….

1) inferior talus and the

2) superior calcaneus (cal-cane-E-us)

What kind of Synovial Joint is the Subtalar Joints?

Synovial Gliding Joint

• NO axis of rotation

What are the movements of the Subtalar Joint?

Frontal - inversion and eversion

sole of the foot turns inwards (inversion) and sole of the foot turns outward (eversion)

• A strong and stable joint with good mobility