Microbio topic 1

What is Microbiology?

Microbiology is the study of organisms that are too small for the naked human eye to see.

what are microorganisms?

microorganisms are organisms that are too small for the naked human eye to see

what are the 4 major types of microorganisms?

bacteria, fungi, protozoa, virus

what is a virus

An acellular organism that’s considered intracellular because it needs a living organims cells to reproduce.

how are prokaryotic cells similar to eukaryotic cells?

They both have ribosomes, a cell-membrane, and DNA.

How are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells are smaller, less complex, don’t have a nucleus, don’t have organelles.

how are eukaryotic cells different from prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are larger, more complex, have a nucleus, have organelles (mitochondria & chromoplasts).

Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

No

Do eukaryotic cells have a nucleus?

Yes

What components make up a virus?

DNA & RNA, protein coat called a capsid

how do some microorganisms live in groups?

By sticking to each other and different surfaces

what are bacterial colonies?

A visible cluster of bacteria growing together on a solid surface

what is a bacterial cell

A single celled microorganism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelle.

Who was Robert Hooke?

first person to use the word “cell”which he noticed as small regular structures in pieces of wood.

who as Antonio Van Leeuwenhoek

Cloth merchant who was the first to see and describe bacteria, called the very small animals he saw “animalcules”, considered as the first microbiologist

who was Francesco Redi?

first scientist to challenge spontaneous generation, used gauze over meat to prove it

Who was Lazzarno Spallanzani?

italian biologist, believed that microbes were in the air and could be killed by boiling.

Louis Pasteur

French chemist, named after pasteurization, did the swan-neck experiment, brought up the biogenesis theory, realized yeast plays a crucial role in fermentation; producing the alcohol in wine.

what’s the symbol for meter?

m

symbol for centimeter

cm

symbol for millimeter

mm

symbol for micrometer

um

symbol for nanometer

nm

how long is a meter in inches?

approximately 39.37 inches

what’s the factor for a meter?

one; 10^0

what’s the factor for a cm

one hundredth; 10^-2

what’s the factor for a mm

one thousandth; 10^-3

what’s the factor for a micrometer (um)

one millionth; 10^-6

what’s the factor for a nanometer

one billionth; 10^-9

6 types of microbes

bacteria, protozoa, fungi, virus, algae, archaea

what is gram staining?

lab technique that allows for the separation of bacteria into two different groups.

what are biofilms?

microorganisms that live in large groups; stuck to each other and to surfaces.

what word means “live everywhere”?

ubiquitous

what do ribosomes do for a cell?

make protein

Are bacteria unicellular or multicellular?

Unicellular

What do you call microbes that make us sick?

pathogens

What are some types of bacteria?

E. coli, staphylococcus aureus

Are pathogens prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

prokaryotic

Describe protozoa

Unicellular eukaryotic cells

what does it mean for a cell to be unicellular?

made up one cell

Types of protozoa

Paramecium, amoeba

Characteristics of fungi

eukaryotic, can be either multi or unicellular, usually found in soil or on plants

types of fungi

molds, yeast, mushrooms

what types of fungi are unicellular

molds, yeast

what types of fungi are multicellular

mushrooms

Describe viruses

acellular, intracellular, composed of one type of DNA or RNA, grouped into non-enveloped and enveloped viruses

What does acellular mean?

not composed of cells

what does intracellular mean?

organisms that can only reproduce when inside a living cell.

what are non-enveloped viruses

viruses that are made up of only nucleic acid and the protein coat

what are enveloped viruses

made up of nucleic acid, the protein coat and a viral envelope which contains some virally encoded proteins.

examples of viruses

influenza virus (flu), rhinovirus, HIV

what is the biogenesis theory

all living things come from pre-existing life

what is pasteurization?

killing of organisms using heat

what’s spontaneous generation aka abiogenesis?

organisms may be generated from nonliving things

what’s the function of the plasma membrane?

border that separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell