5A (Nitrogen Family)

N Nitrogen

P Phosphorus

As Arsenic

Sb Antimony

Bi Bismuth

5A (Nitrogen Family)

Nitrogen

Most abundant in Earth’s Atmosphere

aka Azote, Mephitic Air

Nitrogen aka

Nitrogen

– 3 bonds form

– Occurs free in atmosphere

– Component of plant and animal tissues

– Use by plants-nitrogen fixation

BLACK CYLINDER

Nitrogen cylinder

Nitrogen use

Used for the manufacturing of ammonia in the Habe process

Filter gas in electric lamps & in high temperature thermometer

Provide an inert atmosphere in metallurgy to prevent oxidation in certain industrial processes

Nitrogen Gas

Replace air in container for parenteralsolution

Nitrogen Gas

Triple bond-responsible for inertness

Refrigerant, cryotheraphy (cryogenics)

Liquid Nitrogen use

aka Laughing Gas

N2O Nitrous oxide aka

General Anesthetic, BLUE CYLINDER

N2O Nitrous oxide use

Cylinder

N2O Nitrous oxide

Not use alone causes diffusion Hypoxia

NO2 Nitrogen dioxide

Nitrite

– Brown gas

– Pollutant

NO3

Nitrate, From Nitroso derivative

– Preservative but carcinogenic

Gas (brown color)

Pale blue liquid

Dinitrogen trioxide (Na2O3) color

Phosphorus

Normally white waxy solid, which is colorless & translucent

Stored under water

aka St. Elmo’s Fire

Phosphorus aka

Phosphorus

Light Carrier (match)

Apatite

Phosphorus

Principal ore

White/yellow - poisonous

Red non poisonous used in preparation of matches

Phosphorous

Poisonous

Non poisonous

White P

tetrahedron (P4), present in liq and gaseous P at 800°C

Least stable

Least dense

Most reactive

Most volatile

Most toxic

White P

Scarlet P

Non-poisonous, used in prep of matches, made by heating PBr3 w/ Hg at 240°C

Red phosphorus

Scarlet P aka

Violet P

heating P with small qty of Na at 200°C

Black P /Metallic

least reactive allotrope, structure like graphite, Heating P with Pb at 530°C

Beta metallic phosphorus

Black P aka

HCO3, H2CO3

plasma and kidneys

HPO4, H3PO4

cells and kidneys

Hgb and CHON

most effective single system for buffering H2CO3 during metabolic process

Borate buffer

Feldman’s Buffer system

acid soln of boric acid, NaCl and Na borate (pH = 7-8.2)

Atkin’s and Pantin’s

alkaline soln of Na2CO3, boric acid and NaCl (pH = 7.6-11

Gifford

similar with feldman’s but KCl is used instead of NaCl (pH = 6-7.8)

Arsenic

Toxic, protoplasmic poison

• Lewisite metal

• Component of Salvarsan, Arsphenamine, Compound 606

Arsenopyrite (Iron Arsenic Sulfide - FeAsS)

Arsenic source

Cause pale nail bonds on finger nails (Aldrich-Mees Lines)

Arsenic Toxicity:

Cu Aceto Arsenate

Insecticide

Paris green aka/use

Made by boiling Kbicarbonate + Arsenic trioxide

aka Fowlers solution

K Arsenite aka

Made by

AsI3 + Hg12

Arsenic triiodide + Mercuric iodide

Donovan’s solution

red solution containing

Arsenic

Tx rheumatism, arthritis, malaria, tripanosomiasis, TB, Diabetes

Gutzeit test

When arsenic is present a light brown spot is generated in the filter paper moistened with silver nitrate solution

BAL (Dimercaprol)

Penicillamine (Cuprimine)

Arsenic poisoning antidote

Arsenic trioxide

Primary std for Cerium sulfate CeSO4

Antimony (stibnite)

Cosmetic - blackening of eyebrows

Anti friction metal

1st produced by Isaac Babbitt

Babbit metal

Beautiful meadow

Bismuth aka

Bismuth

Protoplasmic poison

Arsenic

Silver-grey, tin white, shiny, brittle, crystalline and metallic looking element

Babbit metal

Alloy of Antimony

80% tin and 20% Antimony

Babbit metal

Arsenic poisoning

Cause pale nail bonds on fingernails

Arsenic trioxide “white arsenic”

Tonic, Anti-leukemic

Arsenic trioxide “white arsenic”

Ing. in paris green, fowler’s and Donovan’s solution

Arsenic trioxide “white arsenic”

1° standard for Celcium sulfate CeSO4

Antimony Potassium Tartrate “Tartar Emetic”

Component of Brown mixture

Emetic

Expectorant

Antimony Potassium Tartrate “Tartar Emetic”

Tx of Schistosomiasis

Bismuth

Use in silver mirror

Blue black lining gums

Black stools

Antidote: BAL

Bismuth a/e and antidote

Bismuth subcarbonate

Antacid, antiseptic, astringent

60 grams render alimentary canal opaque to xray

Bismuth subgallate

Active ingredient in Devrom an otc fda approved medicine commonly used to treat malodor by deodorizing flatulence and stool

Remedy add NaHPO4 sodium phosphate

Bismuth subnitrate “white subnitrate”

Incompatible with tragacanth

Remedy

Bismuth subnitrate “white subnitrate”

Used in the tx of ulcer and inflammation of GIT

Milk of bismuth

“Bismuth cream”

For H. pylori

Internal protective to gastric ulcer