Mocell Exam 1 Quiz questions

What is the function of the lysosome?

it is the site where molecules are broken down into smaller subunits

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

it is the site of protein synthesis

Which microscope was used to create the image below?

transmission electron microscope

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

it is the site that sends proteins to their final destination

What is the genome?

the entire DNA sequence

What are polysaccharides?

A complex carbohydrate made of long chains of simple sugar molecules bonded together

• starch

• cellulose

• glycogen

• chitin

Steriods are what type of molecule

lipid

Why do some atoms form polar covalent bonds?

polar covalent bonds are formed when one atom's nucleus has a greater electromagnetic pull and holds more electrons close to its nucleus and thus, less elelctrons close to the other atom's nucleus

What is the strongest bond

Covalent bonds

What type of reaction is used to create a peptide chain?

condensation reaction

How do enzymes encourage catalysis?

• enzymes will orient substrate to encourage a reaction

• enzymes will position chemical charges near the substrate to encourage a reaction

• enzymes can stabilize the transitional state of the reaction making the reaction more likely

Sometimes, proteins will form disulfide bonds which help to hold the protein structure.  In which environment will disulfide bonds form?

in the extracellular space

Which of the following is a molecular switch?

• GTP binding proteins

• phosphorylation

• acetylation

Disulfide bonds are what kind of bonds?

covalent bond

What type of bond holds together the subunits of polysaccharides?

glycosidic bond

What are the nitrogen rings that are found in DNA

• Adenine

• Cytosine

• Guanine

• Thymine

If the pH of a solution is 5.4, which of the following is true for that solution.

there are more H+ ions available than pure water

Carbon molecules can be found in which of the following forms?

a. single bonds

b. double bonds

c. linear structures

d. ring structures

a and b and c and d

What is Vmax?

the maximal rate an enzyme can convert a substrate into a product

If a reaction has positive DG, which of the following is true for the reaction?

the reaction is not spontaneous

How do cells maintain order AND satify the second law of thermodynamics?

cells release heat into the environmentt

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

entropy is always increasing

Which of the following is correct in terms of redox reactions? 

Oxidation is the loss of electrons

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

enegery can't be created or destroyed but can change forms

Which of the following is true for a competitive inhibitor of an enzyme?

 

the competetive inhibitor in increase Km and will not change Vmax

Which of the following is an activated carrier molecule?

• ATP

• NADH

• NADPH

When ATP acts as an activated carrier molecule, which type of bond holds the energy?

phosphoanhydride bond

What effect do enzymes have on the activation energy of a reaction?

enzymes decrease activation energy