APUSH: Period 4.8 Jackson and federal power

the Tariff of Abominations (1828)

the south was hostile towards tariffs
-they were heavy consumers of manufactured goods
suspicious of federal interference
*feared fed. gov. may interfere with slavery

VP John C. Calhoun (of South Carolina)

called the "Tariff of Abominations" unconstitutional and called for other states to nullify it

How did South Carolina react to The Nullification crisis

declared the tariff null and void
-threatened succession

How did president Jackson react to the nullification crisis

sent army and naval forces to South Carolina
-strongly denounced nullification

Resolution of the nullification crisis

south Carolina accepted a slightly lower tariff

force bill

"bloddy Bill"
-authorizing forces to collect federal taxes

Causes of the Nullification Crisis

-south was hostile towards the tariff of abominations
-South Carolina declared the tariff unconstitutional

Effects of the Nullification Crisis

-South Carolina threatened succession
-President Jackson sent in military forces
-resulted in Carolina accepting a lower tariff and the creation of the "Bloddy Bill"

Why did Jackson hate the bank?

-distrust of any large business
-it controlled too power
-Nicholas Biddle had huge control over the nations gold and silver but was not elected by the people
-foreclosed on western farmers (Jackson's supporters)

renewing the charter of the Bank of the United States

-Daniel Webster and Henry Clay introduced a bill to review the bank four years early
-clay wanted to make it a political issue

Clay's reasoning

-If Jsckson signed it, he would alienate his western followers
-if Jackson vetoed, he would alienate wealthy Easterners

Jackson's Veto

-claimed the bank was unconstitutional

Jackson's plan to kill the BUS

-removed fed. deposits from the bank
-slowly bled the bank dry

Effects of the death of the BUS

-left a Finacle vacuum
-gov. deposits put into dozens of pro-Jackson "pet banks"
-unstable "wildcat banks" flooded the country with paper money

Specie Circular

president Jackson authorized that all public lands be purchased in "Hard currency"

Specie Circular effects

-banknotes lost their value
-land sales plummeted
-credit not available
-businesses failed
-unemployment rose

What were the causes of the Indian removal?

Jacksonians were committed to Western expansion, but the Natives were in their way

The Cherokees

had a peaceful relationship of assimilation with the whites

Who were the Sequoyah?

-created the Cherokee alphabet
-had a constitution with 3 branches of government
-some wealthy, cotton growing with slaves

What did Georgia do to the Cherokees?

invalidated the Cherokees council and took their lands

What did the Cherokee do in retaliation against Georgia?

took them to the supreme court and won

What did president Jackson do after the Cherokees won the court case?

Jackson refused to accept the outcome of the case and proposed the voluntary removal of Eastern tribes to West of the Mississippi

Why did Jackson believe in sending the Natives west?

he believed they would prosper out West and they would be able to preserve their cultures.

What was the Trail of Tears?

thousand Natives died on this march West

What was the black hawk war?

sauk and fox warriors led by Black Hawk
- they led a resistance against the indian removal act but failed

What was the second seminole war?

led by seminole slaves, this was a bitter guerilla war that took place in the everglades

Aftermath of the second seminole war..

about 4/5ths of them moved to oklahoma, but the remainder stayed in the everglades