Understanding Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds

Alkene

Compounds containing double bonds between carbon atoms.

Alkyne

Compounds containing triple bonds between carbon atoms.

Aromatics

Compounds containing a six-member ring with three double bonds.

Cis-trans isomers

Stereoisomers possible in alkenes when each double-bonded carbon is attached to two different groups.

Markovnikov's rule

Rule used to predict the major products of certain addition reactions of alkenes.

Addition polymer

Polymers formed from alkene monomers undergoing repeated addition reactions.

Aliphatic compound

Organic compounds not containing an aromatic ring.

Aromatic hydrocarbon

Organic compounds containing a six-membered ring with three double bonds.

Haloalkane or alkyl halide

Compounds formed by the reaction of alkenes with H-X to give an alkyl halide.

Hydration

An addition reaction of alkenes producing an alcohol.

Phenyl group

A group derived from benzene by removing a hydrogen atom.

Polymerization

The process of forming polymers from monomers.

Polyunsaturated

Describing compounds with multiple double or triple bonds.

Alkyl Halide

A compound that contains a halogen atom bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom.

Hydrogenation

A type of addition reaction where a hydrogen molecule (H2) is added to the double bond of an alkene.

Alkane

A saturated hydrocarbon resulting from the hydrogenation of an alkene.

Hydrogen Halides

Compounds containing a hydrogen-halogen bond that can be added to the double bond of an alkene to form an alkyl halide.

Markovnikov's Rule

A rule predicting the product of the reaction between an alkene and a hydrogen halide, stating that the hydrogen atom adds to the carbon atom of the alkene with the most hydrogen atoms.

Monomer

A small molecule that can be chemically bonded to other monomers to form a polymer.

Polyethylene

A stable plastic polymer inert and autoclavable, commonly used in medical equipment and consumer products.

Alkynes

A class of hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two carbon atoms, with acetylene (C2H2) being the simplest alkyne.

Benzene

A flat molecule with a six-membered ring and alternating double and single bonds, a common aromatic compound.