Pathopharm #3

Anasarca

Generalized, several swelling of body because of fluid accumulation i tissues

Anuria 

Absence of urine production or output 

Azotemia

High levels of nitrogen compounds in blood due to a kidney function

Calculi

Stones formed from mineral salts that can develop into kidney stones

Dialystae

Fluid that helps remove waster products and excess fluids from blood

Dialysis

A medical procedure that filters waste and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys can no longer do so effectively

Dysuria

Painful/difficult urination

Glucosuria

Presence of glucose (sugar) in the urine, often a sign of uncontrolled diabetes.

Hematuria

Presence of blood in urine

Micturition

The act of urination; the process of emptying the bladder.

Nidus

The starting point or focus where something (like a kidney stone or infection) develops.

Oliguria

Decreased urine output

Osteodystrophy

Bone disease that occurs when kidneys fail to maintain proper levels of calcium and phosphorus, often seen in chronic kidney disease.

Polyuria

production of abnormaly large volumes of urine

Proteinuria

Presence of excess protein in the urine, often a sign of kidney damage.

Pyuria

Presence of pus or WBC in urine

Renal colic

Severe, cramping pain caused by the passage of a kidney stone through the urinary tract.

Retroperitneal

Located behind the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity); the kidneys are retroperitoneal organs.

Trigone 

A triangular area at the base of the bladder between the openings of the ureters and the urethra.

Ultrafiltration

The process in which fluid is forced through a semipermeable membrane (as in dialysis) to remove excess water and waste products.

Urinary antiseptics/antiinfectives

Drugs that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria in the urinary tract.
They work locally in the urine to treat or prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Urinary analgesics

Medications that relieve pain and burning during urination often caused by UTIs or bladder irritation. Phenazopyridine

Urinary stimulants

Increase bladder tone and promote urination used in cases of urinary retention caused by weak bladder muscles

Bethanechol chloride

Acute cystitis

Blader infection by E. coli, dysuria, frequency and pubic pain.

Acute pyelonephritis

A bacterial infection in kidneys and renal pelvis with untreated bladder infection.

Acute pyelonephritis symptoms

chills, flank pain, dysuria, pain during peeing, frequency.

Antispasmodics

Medications that relax smooth muscles of the tract and bladder reducing spasms and urgency. 
Oxybutynin

Antimuscarinics

A type of anticholinergic drugs that blocks parasympathetic nerve impulses reducing the contractions for an overactive bladder.
Solifenacin