BioChem Exam 1

Hydroxyl

Acyl

Carbonyl

Carboxylate

Sulfhydryl

Amino

Phosphate

Phosphoryl

Ester

Ether

Amide

Phosphate Ester

Phosphoanhydride

Carbon-Carbon

7 Major Types of NonCovalent Interactions

1. Charge-Charge

2. Charge-Dipole

3. Dipole-Dipole

4. Charge-Induced Dipole

5. Dipole-Induced Dipole

6. Van Der Waals (Dispersion)

7. Hydrogen Bond

Hydrophobic Interactions _______

…derives from entropy increase when water is released from non-polar surfaces

Acid = A protein (H+) ____

Donor

Base = A Proton ____

Acceptor

Which is the acid? base?

HA + H20

HA = Acid

H2O = Based

Which is the base?

A- + H2O

A- = Base

Ka Expression for Weak vs Strong Acid

Ampholyte - ?

Molecules with both acidic and basic pKa’s

Isoelectric point - ?

the pH in which the average charge is sums to 0. This happens at only one pH.

Zwitterion - ?

containing both positive and negative charge, with a net charge of 0.

A buffer is…

a weak acid that is added to a solution in order to maintain a constant pH

The best buffer is…

1 above or below the pH point

Enthalpy is when…

Heat evolved in a reaction (ex. from breaking bonds)

The entropy…

of an isolated system will tend to increase; this means that systems tend to become more random or disordered

Describe both using the following..

____ increases / decreases

Which is more spontaneous

Describe the following…